Oblique case

Information about Oblique case

Grammatical cases
General
Declension - Grammatical case - List of grammatical cases - Morphosyntactic alignment - Oblique / objective case
Grammatical cases
Abessive - Ablative - Absolutive - Accusative - Addirective - Adelative - Adessive - Adverbial - Allative - Antessive - Apudessive - Aversive - Benefactive - Caritive - Causal - Causal-final - Comitative - Dative - Delative - Direct - Distributive - Distributive-temporal - Elative - Ergative - Essive - Essive-formal - Essive-modal - Equative - Evitative - Exessive - Final - Formal - Genitive - Illative - Inelative - Inessive - Instructive - Instrumental - Instrumental-comitative - Intransitive - Lative - Locative - Modal - Multiplicative - Nominative - Partitive - Pegative - Perlative - Possessive - Postelative - Postdirective - Postessive - Postpositional - Prepositional - Privative - Prolative - Prosecutive - Proximative - Separative - Sociative - Subdirective - Subessive - Subelative - Sublative - Superdirective - Superessive - Superlative - Suppressive - Temporal - Terminative - Translative - Vialis - Vocative
Declensions
Czech declension - English declension - German declension - Irish declension - Latin declension - Latvian declension - Lithuanian declension - Slovak declension
This box:  •  • [ edit]


An oblique case (Latin: casus generalis) in linguistics is a noun case of synthetic languages that is used generally when a noun is the object of a sentence or a preposition. An oblique case can appear in any case relationship except the nominative case of a sentence subject or the vocative case of direct address.

Languages with a nominative or an oblique case system also contrast with those that have an absolutive or ergative case system. In ergative-absolutive languages, the absolutive case is used for a direct object (the subject will then be in the ergative case); but the absolutive case is also used for the subject of an intransitive verb, where the subject is being passively described, rather than performing an action. Nevertheless, there are ergative-absolutive languages that demonstrate oblique cases; in the Northwest Caucasian languages Adyghe, Kabardian and Ubykh, the oblique case marker serves to mark the ergative case, the dative case, and the object of a verbal applicative.

Bulgarian, an analytic Slavic language, also has an oblique case - or, rather, two of them for pronouns:

Accusative:
  • "Kiss me!": целувай ме! (celuvaj me!)
  • "Kiss me! (not him)" целувай мен! (celuvaj men!)
Dative:
  • "Give me that ball": дай ми тaзи топка (daj mi tazi topka)
  • "Give that ball to me" дай тaзи топка на мен (daj tazi topka na men)
There is also one for masculine nouns with the article:
  • "The wind is blowing": Вятърът вее (vjatǎrǎt vee)
  • "I despise the wind": Mразя вятъра (mrazja vjatǎra)
In analytic Indo-European languages, the oblique case is a relic of the original, more complex system of noun cases from the common Proto-Indo-European language. Oblique cases appear in the English pronoun set; these pronouns are often called objective pronouns. One can observe how the first person pronoun me serves a variety of grammatical functions:
:She bit me!
:Give me the rubber hose!
:Stop spitting on me!
:Me, I like French.


The pronoun me is not inflected differently in any of these uses; it is used for all grammatical relationships except the genitive case of possession and a non-disjunctive nominative case as the subject.

Oblique pronouns tend to become clitics. The Romance languages tend to have even larger varieties of clitics, as in the Spanish expression dámelo, "give it to me," which has two oblique clitics me and lo or the similar French "Donnez-le-moi" with the same meaning; so do a series of the Slavic languages.

See also

declension (or declination) is the inflection of nouns, pronouns and adjectives to indicate such features as number (typically singular vs. plural), case (subject, object, and so on), or gender.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers.
Please [improve the article] or discuss this issue on the talk page. This article has been tagged since August 2007.
..... Click the link for more information.
This is a list of grammatical cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension.

Place and Time

Note: Most cases used for location and motion can be used for time as well.

..... Click the link for more information.
In linguistics, morphosyntactic alignment is the system used to distinguish between the arguments of transitive verbs and those of intransitive verbs. The distinction can be made morphologically (through grammatical case or verbal agreement), syntactically (through word
..... Click the link for more information.
In linguistics, abessive (abbreviated ABESS , from Latin abesse "to be distant"), caritive and privative (abbreviated PRIV ) are names for a grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun.
..... Click the link for more information.
ablative case (abbreviated ABL ) is a name given to cases in various languages whose common thread is that they mark motion away from something, though the details in each language may differ.
..... Click the link for more information.
In ergative-absolutive languages, the absolutive (abbreviated ABS ) is the grammatical case used to mark both the subject of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. It contrasts with the ergative case, which marks the subject of transitive verbs.
..... Click the link for more information.
The accusative case (abbreviated ACC ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. The same case is used in many languages for the objects of (some or all) prepositions.
..... Click the link for more information.
adessive case (from Latin adesse "to be present") is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of "on". For example, Estonian laud (table) and laual (on the table), Hungarian asztal and asztalon (on the table).
..... Click the link for more information.
The adverbial case is a noun case in the Abkhaz language and Georgian language that has a function similar to the translative and essive cases in Finnic languages. The term is sometimes used to refer to the ablative case in other languages.
..... Click the link for more information.
Allative case (abbreviated ALL , from Latin afferre "to bring to") is a type of the locative cases used in several languages. The term allative is generally used for the lative case in the majority of languages which do not make finer distinctions.
..... Click the link for more information.
Antessive case[1] is used for marking before something ("before the concert"). The case is found in some Dravidian languages.

References

1. ^ S.

..... Click the link for more information.
Apudessive case[1] is used for marking location next to something ("next to the house"). The case is found in Tsez language.

References

1.

..... Click the link for more information.
The aversive or evitative case is a grammatical case found in Australian Aboriginal languages that indicates that the marked noun is avoided or feared.

Usage

For example, in Walmajarri:
Yapa-warnti pa-lu tjurtu-karrarla
..... Click the link for more information.
The benefactive case (abbreviated BEN ) is a case used where English would use "for", "for the benefit of", or "intended for", e.g. "She opened the door for Tom" or "This book is for Bob".

This meaning is often incorporated in a dative case.
..... Click the link for more information.
In linguistics, abessive (abbreviated ABESS , from Latin abesse "to be distant"), caritive and privative (abbreviated PRIV ) are names for a grammatical case expressing the lack or absence of the marked noun.
..... Click the link for more information.
The causal or causative case (abbreviated CAUS ) is a grammatical case that indicates that the marked noun is the cause or reason for something.

External links

  • What is causative case?

..... Click the link for more information.
This case in Hungarian language combines the Causal case and the Final case: it can express the cause of emotions (e.g. value sb. for sg.) or the goal of actions (e.g. for bread).
..... Click the link for more information.
The comitative case is the case that denotes companionship, and is used where English would use "in company with" or "together with". It, and many other cases, are found in the Finnish language, the Hungarian language, and the Estonian language.
..... Click the link for more information.
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. The name is derived from the Latin casus dativus, meaning "the case appropriate to giving"; this was in turn modelled on the Greek
..... Click the link for more information.
The delative case (from Latin deferre "to bear or bring away or down") in the Hungarian language can originally express the movement from the surface of something (e.g. "off the table"), but it is used in several other meanings (e.g.
..... Click the link for more information.
direct case is the name given to a grammatical case used with all three core relations: the agent of transitive verbs, the patient of transitive verbs, and the agent of intransitive verbs.
..... Click the link for more information.
maittain., or "The law is ratified separately in each country". It can be used to distribute the action to frequent points in time, e.g. päivä (day) has the plural distributive päivittäin (each day).
..... Click the link for more information.
This case in Hungarian language can express how often something happens (eg. monthly, daily); it can vary with the Distributive case at words of temporal meaning.

This adverb type in Finnish language can express that something happens at a frequent point in time (e.g.
..... Click the link for more information.
See Elative for disambiguation.

Elative (from Latin efferre "to bring or carry out") is a locative case with the basic meaning "out of".

In Finnish elative is typically formed by adding "sta/stä", in Estonian by adding "st" to the genitive stem.
..... Click the link for more information.
The ergative case is the grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages.

In such languages, the ergative case is typically marked (most salient), while the absolutive case is unmarked.
..... Click the link for more information.
The essive or similaris case carries the meaning of a temporary state of being, often equivalent to the English "as a...".

In the Finnish language, this case is marked by adding "-na/-nä" to the stem of the noun.
..... Click the link for more information.
In the Hungarian language this case combines the Essive case and the Formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (e.g. "as a tourist"), or the manner (e.g. "like a hunted animal").
..... Click the link for more information.
This case in Hungarian language can express the state, capacity, task in which somebody is or which somebody has (Essive case, e.g. "as a reward", "for example"), or the manner in which the action is carried out, or the language which somebody knows (Modal case, e.g.
..... Click the link for more information.
Equative is a case with the meaning of comparison, or likening.

In Ossetic it is formed by the ending -ау [aw]:
фæт — arrow, фæтау — like an arrow.

..... Click the link for more information.

This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.