olfactory receptor neuron
Information about olfactory receptor neuron
'''
An olfactory receptor neuron, also called an olfactory sensory neuron, is the primary transduction cell in the olfactory system.
Dendrites (from Greek dendron, “tree”) are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or
..... Click the link for more information.
Mucus is a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body.
..... Click the link for more information.
Gene expression is the process by which the inheritable information in a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA.
..... Click the link for more information.
| Olfactory receptor neuron | |
|---|---|
) Olfactory receptor neuron - Labels in German. "Zellen" = "cell","riech" = "smell", "Riechnerv" = olfactory nerve, "cillien" = cilia. | |
| Location | olfactory epithelium in the nose |
| Function | Detect traces of chemicals in inhaled air (sense of smell) |
| Neurotransmitter | Glutamate |
| Morphology | Bipolar sensory receptor |
| Presynaptic connections | None |
| Postsynaptic connections | Olfactory bulb |
| subject #223 996 | |
)
Plan of olfactory neurons.
An olfactory receptor neuron, also called an olfactory sensory neuron, is the primary transduction cell in the olfactory system.
In vertebrates
Humans have about 40 million olfactory receptor neurons. In vertebrates, olfactory receptor neurons reside on the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. These cells are bipolar neurons with a dendrite facing the interior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb.Structure
Many tiny hair-like cilia protrude from the olfactory receptor cell's dendrite into the mucus covering the surface of the olfactory epithelium. The surface of these cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor. Each olfactory receptor cell expresses only one type of olfactory receptor, but many separate olfactory receptor cells express olfactory receptors which bind the same set of odors. The axons of olfactory receptor cells which bind the same odors glomeruli in the olfactory bulb.Function
A given olfactory receptor can bind to a variety of odor molecules with varying affinities. The activated olfactory receptor in turn activates the intracellular G-protein GOLF (GNAL), and adenylate cyclase and production of Cyclic AMP opens ion channels in the cell membrane, resulting in an influx of sodium and calcium ions into the cell. This influx of positive ions causes the neuron to depolarize, generating an action potential.Regeneration
Individual olfactory receptor neurons are replaced approximately every 40 days by neural stem cells residing in the olfactory epithelium. The regeneration of olfactory receptor cells, as one of the only few instances of adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system, has raised considerable interest in dissecting the pathways for neural development and differentiation in adult organisms.In insects
In insects, olfactory receptor neurons typically reside on the antenna. Much like in vertebrates, axons from the sensory neurons converge into glomeruli in the antennal lobe.See also
External links
- olfactory+receptor+cells at eMedicine Dictionary
- c_18/12224417 at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Sensory system: Olfactory system/Olfaction |
|---|
| Olfactory bulb • Olfactory nerve • Olfactory epithelium • Glomeruli • Olfactory mucosa • Olfactory receptor neurons • Mitral cells • Piriform cortex |
| Rhinencephalon • Olfactory tract • Olfactory trigone |
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves. The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are thin, tail-like projections extending approximately 5–10 micrometers outwards from the cell body.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. In humans, it measures about 1 inch wide by 2 inches long (about 2 cm by 5 cm) and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 3 inches (about 7 cm) above and behind the
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which admit and expel air for respiration in conjunction with the mouth.
In most humans, it also houses the nosehairs, which catch airborne particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs.
..... Click the link for more information.
In most humans, it also houses the nosehairs, which catch airborne particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs.
..... Click the link for more information.
Olfaction (also known as olfactics) refers to the sense of smell. This sense is mediated by specialized sensory cells of the nasal cavity of vertbrates, and, by analogy, sensory cells of the antennae of invertebrates.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Glutamic acid or glutamate (abbreviated as Glu or E; Glx or Z represents either glutamic acid or glutamine), is the protonated form of glutamate (the anion). Glutamate is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The term morphology in biology refers to the outward appearance (shape, structure, color, pattern) of an organism or taxon and its component parts. This is in contrast to physiology, which deals primarily with function.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anatomy
In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain...... Click the link for more information.
In physiology, transduction is the conversion of a stimulus from one form to another.
Transduction in the nervous system typically refers to synaptic events wherein an electrical signal, known as an action potential, is converted into a chemical one via the release of
..... Click the link for more information.
Transduction in the nervous system typically refers to synaptic events wherein an electrical signal, known as an action potential, is converted into a chemical one via the release of
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory system is the sensory system used for olfaction. Most mammals and reptiles have two distinct parts to their olfactory system: a main olfactory system and an accessory olfactory system.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory epithelium is a specialized epithelial tissue inside the nasal cavity that is involved in smell. In humans, it measures about 1 inch wide by 2 inches long (about 2 cm by 5 cm) and lies on the roof of the nasal cavity about 3 inches (about 7 cm) above and behind the
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The nasal cavity (or nasal fossa) is a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.
..... Click the link for more information.
Function
The nasal cavity conditions the air to be received by the areas of the respiratory tract...... Click the link for more information.
Neurons (also known as neurones and nerve cells) are electrically excitable cells in the nervous system that process and transmit information. In vertebrate animals, neurons are the core components of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
For the dendritic crystal structure, see .
Dendrites (from Greek dendron, “tree”) are the branched projections of a neuron that act to conduct the electrical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or
..... Click the link for more information.
axon or nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anatomy
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves. The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anatomy
In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain...... Click the link for more information.
cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are thin, tail-like projections extending approximately 5–10 micrometers outwards from the cell body.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
highly specialized aspect of its associated subject.
Please help [ improve this article] by adding more general information.
Please help [ improve this article] by adding more general information.
Mucus is a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body.
..... Click the link for more information.
Olfactory receptors are class A G protein-coupled receptor which play a role in signal transduction to olfactory receptor neurons.
..... Click the link for more information.
Expression
In vertebrates, the olfactory receptors are located in the cilia of the olfactory sensory neurons...... Click the link for more information.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven transmembrane receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, and G protein linked receptors (GPLR
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
- For vocabulary, see Glossary of gene expression terms
Gene expression is the process by which the inheritable information in a gene, such as the DNA sequence, is made into a functional gene product, such as protein or RNA.
..... Click the link for more information.
glomerulus (plural glomeruli) in olfaction is a structure in the olfactory bulb. It is made up of a globular tangle of axons from the olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium and dendrites from the mitral cells, tufted cells, and other cell types.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors.
..... Click the link for more information.
Anatomy
In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain...... Click the link for more information.
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1 , also known as adenylyl cyclase or AC) is a lyase enzyme.
..... Click the link for more information.
Types
There are nine known adenylate cyclases in mammals:- ADCY1
- ADCY2
- ADCY3
- ADCY4
- ADCY5
..... Click the link for more information.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that help to establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of all living cells (see cell potential) by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Editing of this page by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled due to vandalism.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
If you are prevented from editing this page, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or .
..... Click the link for more information.
Sodium (IPA: /ˈsəʊdiəm/) is a chemical element which has the symbol Na (Latin: natrium), atomic number 11, atomic mass 22.9898 g/mol, common oxidation number +1.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.