Open-mid back unrounded vowel

Information about Open-mid back unrounded vowel

Vowels

See also: IPA, Consonants

- 2

Front

Near-front

Central

Near-back

Back

Close

i • y

ɨ • ʉ

ɯ • u

ɪ • ʏ

• ʊ

e •

ɘ • ɵ

ɤ • o

ɛ • œ

ɜ • ɞ

ʌ • ɔ

a • ɶ

ɑ • ɒ

Near‑close

Close‑mid

Mid

Open‑mid

Near‑open

Open

Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.

IPA – number	314
IPA – text	ʌ
IPA – image
Entity	ʌ
X-SAMPA	`V`
Kirshenbaum	`V`
Sound sample (helpinfo)

The open-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʌ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is V. The IPA symbol is an inverted letter v and both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as either a wedge, a caret, or a hat. In transcriptions for some languages (including several dialects of English), this symbol is also used for the Near-open central vowel

Features

Its vowel height is open-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel and a mid vowel.
Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
English	eastern AmE	plus	[plʌ̟s]	'plus'	Less fronted than other dialects. See English phonology
	GA
	Scottish
Irish		ola	[ʌlˠə]	'oil'	See Irish phonology
Korean		벌	[pʌl]	'punishment'	See Korean phonology
Russian		голова	[gəlʌ̟ˈva]	'head'	Occurs mostly immediately before stressed syllables. See Russian phonology
Vietnamese		tây	[tʌ̄j]	'west'	Also analyzed as central [ɜ]. See Vietnamese phonology

Before World War II, Received Pronunciation had /ʌ/ as a phoneme; this sound has since shifted forward to [ɐ]. Despite this change, the symbol <ʌ> is still used^[1]. This may be due to both tradition as well as the fact that some other dialects retain the older pronunciation.

References

1. ^ Roca, Iggy & Johnson, Wyn (1999). Course in Phonology. Blackwell Publishing.

vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the
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International Phonetic Alphabet

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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Front N.-front Central N.-back Back
Close

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Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
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Near‑close
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Near‑close
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Near‑close
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Near‑close
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Near‑close
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