Orthodox Church of Jerusalem

Information about Orthodox Church of Jerusalem

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Patriarch Theophilus III of Jerusalem.

The Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem (Greek: Πατριαρχεῖον Ἱεροσολύμων Patriarcheîon Hierosolımōn,Arabic,كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس في القدس), also known as the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, is a member of the Eastern Orthodox Communion. It is regarded by Orthodox Christians as the mother church of all of Christendom, because it was in Jerusalem that the Church was established on the day of Pentecost with the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples of Jesus Christ (Acts 2:1-41). From Jerusalem the Gospel of Christ was spread to the world. This church is part of the universal Eastern Orthodox Church. It is also often called "Σιωνίτις Εκκλησία" (Greek: Sionitis Ecclesia, i.e. the "Church of Zion").

As Christianity spread, and the persecution of the Hebrews by Roman authorities in their homeland increased, causing the dispersion of many of the Hebrews and Christians from Jerusalem, the importance of the church of Jerusalem and its impact on the ongoing life of the whole Church diminished, though a remnant always remained in the city. Eusebius of Caesarea provides the names of an unbroken succession of thirty-six Bishops of Jerusalem up to the year 324.^[1] The first sixteen of these bishops were Jewish—from James the Brother of Jesus through Judas († 135)—the remainder were Gentiles.

By the time of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 the bishop of Aelia Capitolina (the name given to the Roman colony founded on the site of Jerusalem after Bar Kokhba's revolt), was not even the highest ranking in the province, being subject to the Metropolitan of Caesarea. However, the Council accorded the bishop a certain undefined precedence in its seventh canon. It gradually grew in prestige, and in a decree issued from the seventh session of the Council of Chalcedon in 451 it was recognized as possessing full Patriarchal status, ranked fifth after the Churches of Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, and Antioch (see the article on Pentarchy).

Main Entrance to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem.

The Orthodox Church of Jerusalem remains the custodian of many of the holy sites in Jerusalem and environs, sometimes jointly with the Roman Catholic Church and the Oriental Churches (Egyptian and Ethiopian Coptics and Armenian Orthodox Christians).

Lately there has been criticism of the church leadership by some of the Palestinian faithful (known as Arab Orthodox) who accuse the Greek-speaking and largely Greek-born leadership of squandering their money and treating their Arabic-speaking members as second-class faithful. In 2005, a crisis of the patriarchy occurred when Patriarch Irenaios was stripped of his authority as patriarch by the Holy Synod of Jerusalem after he had allegedly sold church property in a very sensitive area of East Jerusalem to Israeli companies. The locum tenens (steward) until the election of a new patriarch was Metropolitan Cornelius of Petra.

The Palestinian faithful (Arab Orthodox) have expressed the desire to have local and or Palestinian leaders in the positions of authority in their respective districts, in contrast to the tradition of the higher authority being made of and appointed by ethnic Greeks. The Orthodox Church is sometimes compared unfavourably in this respect to the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, which has Arabic as its official and liturgical language.

On August 22, 2005, the Holy Synod of the Church of Jerusalem unanimously elected Theofilos III, the former Archbishop of Tabor, as the 141st Patriarch of Jerusalem.

External links

Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem : [1] (in Greek)

References

1. ^ Eusebius, The History of the Church (Tr. A. G. Williamson, Penguin Books, 1965. ISBN 0-14-044535-8), see summary in Appendix A.

External links

Jerusalem (A.D. 71-1099) article from The Catholic Encyclopedia (1910)

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Byzantine Empire or Byzantium is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople.
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Crusades were a series of military conflicts of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe during 1095–1291, most of which were sanctioned by the Pope in the name
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Christianization of Kievan Rus took place in several stages. In early 867, Patriarch Photius of Constantinople announced to other Orthodox patriarchs that the Rus, baptised by his bishop, took to Christianity with particular enthusiasm.
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Inline:

1. ^ Andrew Wilson (historian)|Wilson, Andrew]] (2000). The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation, Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09309-8; pages 33-37
2.

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^]] Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, book 1, chp.19

^ Socrates, Ecclesiastical History, book 3, chp.
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Armenian Apostolic Church (Armenian: Հայ Առաքելական Եկեղեցի, Hay Arakelagan Yegeghetzi), sometimes called the Armenian Orthodox Church or the
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sign of the cross in the Eastern Orthodox fashion.]] The Sign of the Cross is a ceremonial hand motion made by the vast majority of the world's Christians. It is usually accompanied with the trinitarian formula.
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The Divine Liturgy is the common term for the Eucharistic service of the Byzantine tradition of Christian liturgy. As such, it is used in the Eastern Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches.
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Iconography is the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images. The word iconography literally means "image writing", or painting, and comes from the Greek
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Asceticism describes a life characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures (austerity). Those who practice ascetic lifestyles often perceive their practices as virtuous and pursue them to achieve greater spirituality.
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omophorion (Greek:ὀμοφόριον ; Slavonic: омофоръ, omofor
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Hesychasm (Greek ἡσυχασμός hesychasmos, from ἡσυχία hesychia
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icon (from Greek εἰκών, eikon, "image") is an image, picture, or representation; it is a sign or likeness that stands for an object by signifying or representing it, or by analogy, as in semiotics; by
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Negative theology - also known as the Via Negativa (Latin for "Negative Way") and Apophatic theology - is a theology that attempts to describe God by negation, to speak of God only in terms of what may not be said about God.
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Miaphysitism (sometimes called henophysitism) is the christology of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. Miaphysitism holds that in the one person of Jesus Christ, Divinity and Humanity are united in one "nature" ("physis"), the two being united without separation, without
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Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning 'one, alone' and physis meaning 'nature') is the Christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human.
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Nestorianism is the doctrine that Jesus exists as two persons, the man Jesus and the divine Son of God, or Logos, rather than as a unified person. This doctrine is identified with Nestorius (c. 386–c. 451), Archbishop of Constantinople.
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Theoria (Greek ) is Greek for contemplation or perception of beauty as a moral faculty (OED). From within Eastern Orthodox theology it is "the vision of God" and theoria
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Orthodox Church of Jerusalem

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