Ottoman wars in Near East

Information about Ottoman wars in Near East

Sipahi - Akinci - Timariot - Janissary
- Nizam-ı Cedid
Navy - Air Force
Conflicts:Europe - Russian - Near East - Sieges and Landings
See also:Reform - Naval treaties - Kaptan Pashas
Ottoman wars in Near East covers the Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Caucasus.

In August, 1400 Timur Lenk and his horde burned the town of Sivas to the ground and advanced into the mainland. The war culminated at the Battle of Ankara in July, 1402.

Defeating the Candaroglu Beylik in Sinope, and Armenia under Uzun Hasan before capturing the Empire of Trebizond on August 15, 1461.

When Beyazid II was enthroned upon his father's death, he first had to fight his younger brother Cem, who took Inegöl and Bursa and proclaimed himself Sultan of Anatolia. After a battle at Yenişehir, Cem was defeated and fled to Cairo. The very next year he returned, supported by the Mameluks, and took eastern Anatolia, Ankara and Konya but eventually he was beaten and forced to flee to Rhodes.

Selim I defeated the Mamelukes and conquered most of modern Syria, Lebanon,Palestine,Israel and Egypt, including the holy city of Jerusalem as well as Cairo, the residence of the Abbasid caliph. Thus, Selim was able to claim himself caliph of Islam.
The military of the Ottoman Empire was divided in three organizational structures: the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

The history of the Ottoman Army can be divided in two main periods.
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Ottoman Empire or Ottoman Caliphate (1299 to 1922) (Old Ottoman Turkish: دولت عالیه عثمانیه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish:
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For the military of France, see "Spahi"
Sipahi (Ottoman Turkish: سپاهی; also transliterated as Spahia or Spahiu in Albanian, Spahi, Sepahi, and Spakh
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A timariot (or timar holder; timarlu in Turkish) was an irregular cavalryman that served the Ottoman sultan and in return was granted a fief called a timar.
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The Janissaries (derives from Ottoman Turkish: يكيچرى (yeniçeri) meaning "new soldier") comprised infantry units that formed the Ottoman sultan's household troops and bodyguard.
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Ottoman Navy was established in the early 14th century. During its existence involved with many conflicts, which there is a list of Ottoman sieges and landings and list of Admirals in the Ottoman Empire gives a brief chronology.
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Ottoman Air Force was founded in June 1909, making it one of the oldest combat aviation organizations in the world. Its formation came about after the Ottoman Empire sent two Turkish pilots to the International Aviation Conference in Paris.
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The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe are also sometimes referred to as the Ottoman Wars or as Turkish Wars, particularly in older, European texts.
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Russo-Turkish wars were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire during the 17th, 18th, and 19th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest conflicts in European history.
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The following is an List of Ottoman sieges and landings from the 14th century to World War I.

Rise (1299–1453)

Main article: Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Military &

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When Selim III came to the throne in 1789 an ambitious effort of military reform was launched, geared towards securing the Ottoman Empire. The sultan and those who surrounded him were conservative and desired to preserve the status quo.
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There were 21 naval collaboration treaties of the Ottoman Empire. These treaties were instrumental to establishment of the Ottoman Naval force.
  • Treaty with the Republic of Genoa (1352)
  • Treaty with the Republic of Ragusa (1365)
  • Treaty with the Mameluke Empire (1386)

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Kaptan Pashas
Kaptan Pasha Entered office Left office Background notes
Saruca Pasha[1] (1401-?) 1401 ?
Çavlı Bey[2] ? 1412
Baltaoğlu Süleyman Pasha[3] 1451 1453
Hamza Bey[4] 1453 1456
Has Yunus Bey[5]
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The Levant (IPA: /lə'vænt/) is an imprecise geographical term historically referring to a large area in the Middle East south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the west, and by the northern
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Mesopotamia was a cradle of civilization geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, largely corresponding to modern-day Iraq. Sumer in southern Mesopotamia is commonly regarded as the world's earliest civilization.
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Caucasus or Caucasia is a region in Eurasia bordered on the north by Russia, on the southwest by Turkey, on the west by the Black Sea, on the east by the Caspian Sea, and on the south by Iran. The Caucasus includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands.
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13rd century - 14th century - 15th century
1370s  1380s  1390s  - 1400s -  1410s  1420s  1430s
1397 1398 1399 - 1400 - 1401 1402 1403

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Tīmūr bin Taraghay Barlas (Chagatai Turkic: تیمور - Tēmōr, "iron") (1336 – February 1405), known in the West as Tamerlane, was a 14th century warlord of Turco-Mongol descent,[1]
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Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on July 20, 1402, took place at the field of Çubuk (near Ankara) between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the Turko-Mongol forces of Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire.
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14th century - 15th century - 16th century
1370s  1380s  1390s  - 1400s -  1410s  1420s  1430s
1399 1400 1401 - 1402 - 1403 1404 1405

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Sinope can be confused with the spelling Sinop


Sinope can refer to:
  • Sinop, Turkey, a city on the Black Sea, historically known as Sinope
  • Sinope (mythology), in Greek mythology, daughter of Asopus and eponym of Sinop

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Motto
Մեկ Ազգ, Մեկ Մշակույթ   (Armenian)
"

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The Empire of Trebizond (Greek: Βασίλειον τής Τραπεζούντας) was a Byzantine Greek successor state of the Byzantine Empire founded in 1204 as a result of
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August 15 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events

  • 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, in which Roland is killed.

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14th century - 15th century - 16th century
1430s  1440s  1450s  - 1460s -  1470s  1480s  1490s
1458 1459 1460 - 1461 - 1462 1463 1464

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Bayezid II (1447/48 – May 26, 1512) (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى Bāyezīd-i sānī, Turkish:II.Bayezid or II.
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Cem (Jam) (December 22 1459 - February 25 1495), was a pretender to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century. He was a son of Mehmed II and younger brother of Sultan Bayezid II.
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Bursa (historically also known as Brusa, Greek: Προύσσα, Prusa) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat of Bursa Province.
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Cairo
القـــاهـــر?

Flag
Seal
Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center)
Coordinates:
Government
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