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Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy.
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. A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a weapon which can kill large numbers of human beings, animals and plants.
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A blood agent or cyanogen agent is a chemical compound, carried by the blood for distribution through the body. Blood agents may contain the cyanide group, which can inactivate the energy-producing cytochrome oxidase enzymes of cells in the body.
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Cyanogen chloride is a chemical compound with the formula CNCl. This linear triatomic pseudohalogen is an easily condensed colorless gas. More commonly enountered in the laboratory is the related species cyanogen bromide, a room temperature solid, which is widely used in
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Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless, very poisonous, and highly volatile liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 26 °C (78.8 °F).
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blister agent (also known as a vesicant) is a chemical compound that causes severe skin, eye and mucosal pain and irritation. They are named for their ability to cause large, painful water blisters on the bodies of those affected.
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Lewisite is a chemical compound from a chemical family called arsines. While it is a colorless and odorless liquid when pure it is usually found as an oily, brown liquid with a distinct odor similar to geraniums.
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The sulfur mustards, of which mustard gas is a member, are a class of related cytotoxic, vesicant chemical warfare agents with the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin.
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The nitrogen mustards are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents similar to mustard gas. Although their common use is medicinal, in principle these compounds may also be used for chemical warfare purposes.
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Nerve Agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs.
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Tabun or GA (Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an extremely toxic substance that has the potential to be one of the world's most dangerous military weapons. It is a clear, colorless, tasteless liquid with a faint fruity odor.
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Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB, (O-Isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent.
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Soman, also known by its NATO designation GD (O-Pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as one of the world's most dangerous military weapons.
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Cyclosarin or GF (cyclohexyl methylphosphonofluoridate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the world's most dangerous weapons of war. It is a member of the G-series
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GV (P-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N-dimethylphosphonamidic fluoride) is an organophosphate nerve agent. GV is a part of a new series of nerve agents with properties similar to both the "G-series" and "V-series"

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VE (S-(Diethylamino)ethyl O-ethyl ethylphosphonothioate) is a "V-series" nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent.

Like most of the agents in the V-series (with the exception of VX), VE has not been extensively studied outside of military
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VG (O,O-Diethyl-S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate) (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a "V-series" nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VX nerve agent. Tetram is the common Russian name for the substance.
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VM (Phosphonothioic acid, methyl-, S-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl) O-ethyl ester) is a "V-series" nerve agent closely related to the better-known VX nerve agent.

Like most of the agents in the V-series (with the exception of VX), VM has not been extensively studied outside of
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VX (O-ethyl-S-[2(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothiolate) is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a nerve agent. As a chemical weapon, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction by the United Nations in UN Resolution 687.
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Novichok (Russian новичок: "Newcomer") is a series of nerve agents that were developed by the Soviet Union in the 1980s and 1990s and allegedly the most deadly nerve agents ever made.
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1, 3, 5, 7
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 3.16 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 1251.2 kJmol⁻¹
2nd: 2298 kJmol⁻¹
3rd: 3822 kJmol⁻¹

Atomic radius 100 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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Chloropicrin is a slightly oily, colorless or faintly yellow liquid of the formula CCl₃NO₂. Its freezing point is -69.2 °C and its boiling point is 112 °C, where it partially decomposes to phosgene and nitrosyl chloride. It is denser than water.
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Phosgene is a highly reactive toxic chemical compound with the formula CCl₂O.

This gas gained infamy as a chemical weapon during World War I, but it is also a valuable industrial reagent and building block in organic synthesis.
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Diphosgene is a chemical compound with the formula ClCO₂CCl₃. This colorless liquid is a valuable reagent in the synthesis of organic compounds. Diphosgene is related to phosgene but is more conveniently handled because it is a liquid, whereas phosgene is a
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The term incapacitating agent is defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as

"An agent that produces temporary physiological or mental effects, or both, which will render individuals incapable of concerted effort in the performance of their assigned duties.

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3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), full chemical name 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]Oct-3-yl α-hydroxy-α-phenylbenzeneacetate, is an odorless military incapacitating agent. Its NATO code is BZ.
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KOLOKOL-1 (russian Колокол, eng. bell) is an opiate-derived incapacitating agent. Although the exact nature of the active chemical has not been revealed, in all likelihood it is a derivative of the drug fentanyl, possibly
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riot control agent generally refers to pepper spray or OC and tear gas lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). These are chemical compounds, such as benzyl bromide, or CS gas (o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) that cause the eyes to sting and water.
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Heat: Peak (SR: 5,300,000) Pepper spray (also known as OC spray (from "Oleoresin Capsicum"), OC gas, capsicum spray, or oleoresin capsicum
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CS gas is the common name for 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile (also called o-Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile) (chemical formula: C₁₀H₅ClN₂), a substance that is used as a riot control agent and is non-lethal.
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