putamen

Information about putamen

Brain:
Coronal section of brain through anterior commissure. (Putamen labeled at center right.)
Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle. (Putamen labeled at top.)
subject #189 34
NeuroNameshier-212
MeSH Putamen
Dorlands/Elsevier p_43/12681480
"Putamen" is also a botanical term for the stone in a fruit, such as a peach.


The putamen is a structure in the middle of the brain, which, together with the caudate nucleus forms the dorsal striatum.

The putamen is a portion of the basal ganglia that forms the outermost part of the lenticular nucleus.

Function

It appears to play a role in reinforcement learning. It is coextensive with the insula, which has been found to contain mirror neurons.

Projections

The motor and somatosensory cortices, the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, and the substantia nigra project to the putamen.

The putamen projects to premotor and supplementary motor areas of cortex via the globus pallidus and thalamus.

Additional images


Horizontal section of right cerebral hemisphere.

Brain


External links

The Anterior Commissure (precommissure) is a bundle of white fibers, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, and placed in front of the columns of the fornix.
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The third ventricle (ventriculus tertius) is one of four connected fluid-filled cavities comprising the ventricular system within the human brain. It is a median cleft between the two thalami, and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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NeuroNames is a system of nomenclature for the human and/or macaque brain.

It is maintained by the University of Washington and is a part of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain.
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Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a huge controlled vocabulary (or metadata system) for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Botany is the scientific study of plant life. As a branch of biology, it is also called plant science(s), phytology, or plant biology. Botany covers a wide range of scientific disciplines that study plants, algae, and fungi including: structure, growth,
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fruit has different meanings depending on context. In botany, a fruit is the ripened ovary—together with seeds—of a flowering plant. In many species, the fruit incorporates the ripened ovary and surrounding tissues.
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P. persica

Binomial name
Prunus persica
(L.) Batsch

The Peach (Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach.
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In animals, the brain or encephalon (Greek for "in the skull"), is the control center of the central nervous system, responsible for behavior. The brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing,
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The caudate nucleus is a nucleus located within the basal ganglia of the brains of many animal species. The caudate, originally thought to primarily be involved with control of voluntary movement, is now known to be an important part of the brain's learning and memory system.
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striatum is a subcortical part of the telencephalon. It is the major input station of the basal ganglia system. Anatomically, the striatum is the caudate and the putamen.

History


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The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei in the brain interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and brainstem. Mammalian basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions: motor control, cognition, emotions and learning.
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The lentiform nucleus or lenticular nucleus describes the putamen and the globus pallidus within the basal ganglia. It is a large, cone-shaped mass of gray matter just lateral to the internal capsule.
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reinforcement learning is a sub-area of machine learning concerned with how an agent ought to take actions in an environment so as to maximize some notion of long-term reward.
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Insula is the Latin word for "island".

Insula may also mean:
  • An insulae (Roman building) with several stories; the lowest floor was used for shops and the higher for residence (the higher, the cheaper)
  • Ínsula Barataria

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A mirror neuron is a neuron which fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another (especially conspecific) animal. Thus, the neuron "mirrors" the behavior of another animal, as though the observer were itself acting.
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Motor cortex is a term that describes regions of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary motor functions.

Areas of the motor cortex

The motor cortex can be divided into five main areas:

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Somatic sensation consists of the various sensory receptors that trigger the experiences labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial
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For the computer game developer, see Thalamus Ltd.


The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος = bedroom, chamber, IPA= /ˈθæləməs/) is a pair and symmetric part of the brain.
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The substantia nigra (Latin for "black substance", Soemering) or locus niger is a heterogeneous portion of the midbrain, separating the pes (foot) from the tegmentum (covering), and a major element of the basal ganglia system.
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The premotor cortex is an area of motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the brain. It extends 3mm in front of the Primary motor cortex near the Sylvian fissure before narrowing to approximately 1mm near the Medial longitudinal fissure, where it has the prefrontal cortex.
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The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a part of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex (perirolandic, i.e. on each side of the Rolando or central sulcus). It was included, on purely cytoarchitectonic arguments, in area 6 of Brodmann and the Vogts.
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The globus pallidus (Latin for "pale globe") is a sub-cortical structure of the brain. It is a major element of the basal ganglia system. In this system, it is a major element of the basal ganglia core, consisting of the striatum and its direct targets: globus pallidus and
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For the computer game developer, see Thalamus Ltd.


The thalamus (from Greek θάλαμος = bedroom, chamber, IPA= /ˈθæləməs/) is a pair and symmetric part of the brain.
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BrainMaps is an NIH-funded interactive zoomable high-resolution digital brain atlas and virtual microscope that is based on more than 20 million megapixels (50 terabytes) of scanned images of serial sections of both primate and non-primate brains and that is integrated with a
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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