Reproductive endocrinology

Information about Reproductive endocrinology

Reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) is a surgical subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction. While a major focus of REI is infertility, reproductive endocrinologists also evaluate and treat hormonal dysfunctions in female and males outside of infertility. Reproductive surgeons operate on anatomical disorders that affect fertility. Reproductive endocrinologists have a specialty training in obstetrics and gynecology before they undergo subspecialty training (fellowship) in reproductive endocrinology and infertility.

Fields of interest

Female infertility

A significant part of reproductive endocrinology and infertility is concerned with the diagnosis and management of infertility. Thus reproductive endocrinologists evaluate and treat couples with reproductive disorders, may perform reproductive surgery, and often utilize in-vitro fertilization to achieve pregnancy. Reproductive endocrinologist also are called upon to utilize preimplantation genetic diagnosis to prevent genetic diseases in couples that carry such diseases or for gender selection.

Reproductive surgery

Complex surgery in women or men that aims to preserve reproductive potential is often done by RE specialist.

Non-infertility issues

Reproductive endocrinologists are also especially trained to deal with complex hormonal issues in women or men.

Certification

In a number of countries the pathway to become a subspecialist in REI is regulated. Thus in the United States the American Board of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ABOG) sets the standards for subspecialtists to become certified. After a four-year training in Obstetrics and Gynecology a three-year approved fellowship needs to be successfully completed. To be board certified in reproductive endocrinolgy and infertility, one must first complete board certification in obstetrics and gynecology (written and oral exams) and then certify in reproductive edncrinology and infertility (written oral and thesis exams).

Societies

Reproductive endocrinologists often belong to specific medical societies, such as ASRM or ESHRE.

See also

External links

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Endocrinology
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Physiology, endocrinology, sex: Reproductive physiology and endocrinology
Menstrual cycle/Estrous cycleMenstruation - Follicular phase - Ovulation - Luteal phase
GametogenesisSpermatogenesis -Oogenesis
SexualityHuman sexual behavior - Sexual intercourse - Erection - Ejaculation - Orgasm - Insemination - Fertilisation/Fertility - Masturbation - Pregnancy - Postpartum period
LifespanPrenatal development - Sexual dimorphism - Sexual differentiation - Puberty (Menarche, Adrenarche) - Maternal age/Paternal age - Climacteric (Menopause, Andropause)
EggsOviposition - Oviparity - Ovoviviparity - Viviparity
A subspecialty is narrow field within a specialty such as forensic pathology, which is a subspecialty of anatomical pathology.

In medicine subspecialization is particularily common in internal medicine and has grown as medicine has:
  1. become more complex and

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Obstetrics and Gynaecology (often abbreviated to OB/GYN or O&G) are the two surgical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs, and as such are often combined to form a single medical speciality and postgraduate training program.
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hormone (from Greek όρμή - "to set in motion") is a chemical messenger that carries a signal from one cell (or group of cells) to another. All multicellular organisms produce hormones (including plants - see phytohormone).
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Rei may refer to:

People

  • Rei, the Biblical term for those who retained their allegiance to King David when Adonijah rebelled, as mentioned in 1 Kings 1:8
  • Rei Hiroe
  • Rei Igarashi
  • Rei Kawakubo
  • Rei Kikukawa
  • Rei Mikamoto

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Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a man or a woman to contribute to conception. Infertility may also refer to the state of a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy to full term.
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surgeon is a person who performs surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves cutting of a body, whether human or other organism. Surgeons may be physicians, dentists, or veterinarians who specialize in surgery.
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Fertility is the natural capability of giving life. As a measure, "Fertility Rate" is the number of children born per couple, person or population. This is different to fecundity, which is defined as the potential
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Obstetrics and Gynaecology (often abbreviated to OB/GYN or O&G) are the two surgical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs, and as such are often combined to form a single medical speciality and postgraduate training program.
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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility is a subspecialty of the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology dealing with infertility, fertility, contraception and the medicine and surgical procedures related to it.
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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility is a subspecialty of the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology dealing with infertility, fertility, contraception and the medicine and surgical procedures related to it.
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The term Sterility has several meanings:
  • The quality or state of being unable to reproduce; of being infertile. The term may be used of higher animals.
  • An aseptic condition, meaning an absence of living things, as in microbiology or the environment.

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In vitro fertilization[1] (IVF) is a technique in which egg cells are fertilised by sperm outside the woman's womb, in vitro. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed.
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Pregnancy is the carrying of one or more offspring, known as a fetus or embryo, inside the body of a female mammal such as a human. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations (for example, in the case of twins or triplets).
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In medicine and (clinical) genetics preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) (or also known as Embryo Screening) refers to diagnostic procedures that are performed on embryos prior to implantation, sometimes even on oocytes prior to fertilization.
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A genetic disorder is a condition caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. While some diseases, such as cancer, are due to genetic abnormalities acquired in a few cells during life, the term "genetic disease" most commonly refers to diseases present in all cells of the body
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Social sex selection or Human sex selection is the attempt to control the sex of offspring to achieve a desired sex. It can be accomplished in several ways, both pre- and post-implantation of an embryo, as well as at birth.
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Rei may refer to:

People

  • Rei, the Biblical term for those who retained their allegiance to King David when Adonijah rebelled, as mentioned in 1 Kings 1:8
  • Rei Hiroe
  • Rei Igarashi
  • Rei Kawakubo
  • Rei Kikukawa
  • Rei Mikamoto

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Motto
"In God We Trust"   (since 1956)
"E Pluribus Unum"   ("From Many, One"; Latin, traditional)
Anthem
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Fellowship may refer to:
  • An academic position: see fellow
  • A merit-based scholarship, or form of academic financial aid
  • Fellowship (medicine), a period of medical training after a residency

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'''Board certified can refer to:
  • American Board of Medical Specialties certification
  • Nursing board certification
  • Board Certified Chaplain

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Obstetrics and Gynaecology (often abbreviated to OB/GYN or O&G) are the two surgical specialties dealing with the female reproductive organs, and as such are often combined to form a single medical speciality and postgraduate training program.
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This article is about the thesis in academia. For other senses of this word, see thesis (disambiguation).

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Andrology (from Greek: ἀνδρο, andro, "man"; and λόγος, logos, "knowledge") is the medical specialty that deals with male health
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Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones.

Function of endocrine organs, hormones and receptors

Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another.
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (also HPTA) is a way of referring to the combined effects of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity.
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Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones.

Function of endocrine organs, hormones and receptors

Hormones are molecules that act as signals from one type of cells to another.
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Pediatric endocrinology (British: Paediatric) is a medical subspecialty dealing with variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, as well as diabetes and other disorders of the endocrine glands.
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Neuroendocrinology is the study of the interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system. The concept arose from the recognition that the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland was closely controlled by the brain, and especially by the hypothalamus.
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Calcium metabolism or calcium homeostasis is the mechanism by which the body maintains adequate calcium levels. Derangements of this mechanism lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, which both can have important consequences for health.
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