Sir Robert William Askin, GCMG (April 4 1907 - September 9 1981) was Premier of New South Wales from 1965 to 1975. He was born Robin William Askin, but he changed his name by deed poll in 1971 because he always disliked his first name.

Early years

Born in Sydney in 1907 [1], Askin grew up in Glebe, a working-class inner-city suburb of Sydney. He was an unremarkable student, and left high school in 1921, but he was a keen footballer and card player. At the Rural Bank, where he began his working life, he earned the nickname "Slippery Sam", reputedly because he spent much of his time running an illegal SP bookmaking operation. He joined the Australian Army during World War II and served in New Guinea and Borneo.

Political career

With a solid working-class background and trade union affiliations, Askin may have gravitated to the Australian Labor Party, but he joined the conservative Liberal Party of Australia in 1947 after a chance encounter with an army colleague. He rapidly rose through the party ranks and soon became president of the party's Manly branch. He was the state member for the seat of Collaroy from 1949 until the seat was abolished by a redistribution in 1973, when he became member for Pittwater until his retirement in 1975.^[1]

Askin was elected leader of the NSW Liberal Party in 1959, succeeding P.H. Morton. His Press Secretary during some of that time was the future tantric master, Barry Long [2] [3]. He became Premier of NSW on 1 May 1965, ending the 24-year rule of the Australian Labor Party and winning against Labor's incumbent, Jack Renshaw. The election was notable as being one of Australia's first "presidential-style" campaigns, with Askin the person promoted far more heavily than the party. He received vigorous support from the newspapers and TV station owned by conservative media magnate Sir Frank Packer and the Liberals' campaign reportedly outspent the ALP by a ratio of at least 2:1. At the next election (also with Renshaw leading Labor) in 1968, Askin achieved a still bigger majority.

Essentially a political pragmatist, Askin was noted for his "phenomenal" ability to remember faces, an "uncanny" feel for public opinion, a mastery of political tactics and for his combative relationship with the media. His tenure in government was marked by strong opposition to an increase in Commonwealth powers, a tough stance on "law and order" issues, laissez-faire economic policies and aggressive support for industrial and commercial development.

Askin oversaw a rapid escalation of building development in inner-city Sydney and the central business district, which followed in the wake of his controversial 1967 abolition of Sydney City Council and a redistribution of municipal electoral boundaries that was aimed at reducing the power of the rival Australian Labor Party. Among his most controversial schemes were a massive freeway system that was planned to be driven through the hearts of historic inner-city suburbs including Glebe and Newtown, and an equally ambitious scheme of so-called "slum clearance" that would have brought about the wholescale destruction of the historic areas of Woolloomooloo and The Rocks. Under Askin's administration, new developments in central Sydney rose to their highest levels ever.

In 1966 Askin was involved two famous controversies. During his campaign he had cynically exploited public unease about the rising cost of the Sydney Opera House, then still under construction, and as soon as he took government his Public Works minister Davis Hughes began to assert control over the project and demand that costs be reined in. This brought him into direct conflict with architect Joern Utzon and in February 1966, after a bitter standoff and the suspension of progress payments by Hughes, Utzon resigned, sparking a major public outcry.

The other famous incident occurred in October 1966 during the state visit by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. As Johnson's motorcade drove through Sydney, several anti-Vietnam War protesters threw themselves in front of the car carrying Askin and Johnson, and when his driver asked for instructions, Askin bluntly told him: "Run over the bastards!". The event was widely reported and the ABC's current affairs program This Day Tonight created a storm of controversy when it sent up Askin's boorish behaviour in a satirical song.

Askin's Premiership was also marked by a significant increase in the activities of organised crime groups in NSW. Askin was known to be extremely fond of betting on horse racing, was often seen at the track, and was reputed to have been a "runner" for illegal SP bookmaking operations in his youth, in the Rural Bank and in the Army.

Since his death there have been persistent unproven allegations that Askin, allegedly assisted by then Police Commissioner Norman Allan, oversaw the creation of a lucrative network of corruption and bribery that involved politicians, public servants and police and the nascent Sydney organised crime syndicates. One of the most controversial claims is that that Askin regularly received payoffs from illegal gambling syndicates - journalist David Hickie claimed that Askin received AU$100,000 per year in bribes (equivalent to perhaps ten times that figure today) from a gaming sydnicate run by noted Sydney gaming identity Perc Galea.

There have also been claims that his administration actively protected leading crime identities such as the notorious Sydney gangster Lenny McPherson. It is also claimed that Askin sold knighthoods to (Sir) Paul Strasser of Parkes Development and (Sir) Peter Abeles of Ansett Airlines and Thomas Nationwide Transport for between $20,000 and $60,000 each, and that he also gave out knighthoods as rewards to trusted allies, including Police Commissioner Allan.

Towards the end of his career, with rumours of corruption on the increase, Askin became embroiled in another major political controversy. In 1971, while working on a computerisation program, NSW police computer expert Phillip Arantz discovered that the NSW police service had been systematically under-reporting crime statistics for years. The obvious inference of this revelation was that police were trying to conceal corruption, which allegedly extended up to the Commissioner himself, and the widespread police involvement in organised crime.

Arantz took his allegations to senior police but they were dismissed out of hand. Eventually Arantz, now recognised as one of Australia's pioneer "whistle-blowers", realised that Allan was at least aware of the scheme, if not directly involved in it, and that he wanted to suppress Arantz's revelations.

The frustrated Arantz eventually leaked his information to the press, so an enraged Allan began a vicious campaign to destroy Arantz's credibility. As a result, Arantz was suspended, forced to undergo a psychiatric assessment and finally he was dishonourably discharged from the force; it took him years to clear his name. In the meantime both Allan and Askin had retired, avoiding the taint from the scandal, and by the time Arantz's claims were finally vindicated, Askin and Allan were long since dead.

Throughout his time as Premier, he was capably served by Charles Cutler as Deputy Premier and Leader of the Country Party. Charles Cutler at times served as Acting Premier at times when Askin was suffering from illness. Askin retired from politics in January 1975. By this time he was a sick man, having suffered two heart attacks in 1969 and 1973. He lived another six years, though in failing health, and died of pneumonia on 9 September 1981. He left an estate valued at just under AU$2 million - a very substantial sum for the time - most of it invested in shares.

Allegations of corruption

When questioned about his wealth, Askin always attributed it to the salary from his high public office, his frugal lifestyle, good investments and canny punting. After his death the Department of Taxation audited his estate, and although it made no finding of criminality, it determined that a substantial part of it came from undisclosed income from sources other than shares or gambling.

With Askin's death, investigative journalists were now freed from the threat of legal action under Australia's punitive defamation and libel laws - unlike the United States, Australia has no constitutional guarantee of Freedom of Speech - and stories about his reputed corruption hit the press almost immediately.

On the very day of Askin's funeral, Sydney journalists David Hickie and David Marr caused a sensation with the first of a series of articles detailing allegations of Askin's corrupt activities that appeared in the National Times under the headline "Askin : Friend to organised crime". These claims were examined in greater detail in Hickie's subsequent book The Prince And The Premier.

Although close Askin associates - notably his former private secretary - have consistently denied that he was corrupt, and little hard evidence has ever surfaced, the rumours were widely seen as being confirmed when, after the death of Askin's wife Mollie in 1984, it was revealed that she had left an estate valued at almost AU$4 million - most of which the animal-loving Askins had bequeathed to the RSPCA.

Honours

Askin was awarded the status of KCMG on his own recommendation in 1972 and was elevated to GCMG in 1975, becoming only the second NSW Premier (after Henry Parkes) to be granted this double title.

Notes

References

• Hickie, David (1985). The Prince and The Premier. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 536. ISBN 0207151539. 
• 'Goot, Murray, "Sir Robert Askin" (draft entry for The Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 17, Melbourne University Press (forthcoming)), http://www.pol.mq.edu.au/publications/Askin.htm

Preceded by Jack Renshaw	Premier of New South Wales 1965-1975	Succeeded by Thomas Lewis

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Persondata
NAME	Askin, Robert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Askin, Robin William (birth name)
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Australian politician and Premier of New South Wales
DATE OF BIRTH	4 April 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH	Sydney
DATE OF DEATH	9 September 1981
PLACE OF DEATH	Sydney