rogue planet

Information about rogue planet

Rogue Planet may refer to:

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This article is about a type of astronomical object. For other uses, see Rogue Planet (disambiguation).
A rogue planet is an object which has equivalent mass to a planet and is not gravitationally bound to any star, and that therefore moves through space as an independent object. Several astronomers claim to have detected such objects, but those detections remain unconfirmed.[1]

Some astronomers refer to these objects as "planets", usually because they believe such objects were planets that were ejected from orbit around a star. However, others believe that the definition of 'planet' should depend on current observable state, and not origin. Additionally, these objects may form on their own through gas cloud collapse similar to star formation; in which case they would never have been planets.

Atmosphere hypothesis

In 1998, David J. Stevenson authored a paper entitled "Possibility of Life Sustaining Planets in Interstellar Space."[2] In this paper, Stevenson theorizes that some wandering objects, that Stevenson refers to as "planets", drift in the vast expanses of cold interstellar space and could possibly sustain a thick atmosphere which would not freeze out due to radiative heat loss. He proposes that atmospheres are preserved by the pressure-induced far infrared radiation opacity of a thick hydrogen-containing atmosphere.

It is thought that during planetary system formation, several small protoplanetary bodies may be ejected from the forming system.[3] With the reduced ultraviolet light associated with its increasing distance from the parent star, the planet's predominantly hydrogen and helium containing atmosphere would be easily confined even by an Earth-sized body's gravity.

It is calculated that for an Earth-sized object at a kilobar hydrogen atmospheric pressures in which a convective gas adiabat has formed, geothermal energy from residual core radioisotope decay will be sufficient to heat the surface to temperatures above the melting point of water.[2] Thus, it is proposed that interstellar planetary bodies with extensive liquid water oceans may exist. It is further suggested that the bodies are likely to remain geologically active for long periods of time, providing a geodynamo-created protective magnetosphere and possible sea floor volcanism which could provide an energy source for life.[2] The author admits these bodies will be difficult to detect due to the intrinsically weak thermal microwave radiation emissions emanating from the lower reaches of the atmosphere.

Proplyds of planetars?

Recently, it has been discovered that some extrasolar planets such as the planemo 2M1207b, orbiting the brown dwarf 2M1207, have debris discs. If some large interstellar objects are considered as stars (brown sub-dwarfs) then the debris could coalesce into planets, meaning the disks are proplyds. If these are considered planets, then the debris would coalesce as moons. The term planetar exists for those accretion masses that seem to fall between stars and planets.

Interstellar planets in popular culture

In Phillip Wylie's When Worlds Collide (1932), Earth is first devastated, and then destroyed by "Bronson Alpha", a gas giant-sized rogue planet, orbited by "Bronson Beta," an earth-sized satellite. Fortunately, advance warning enables several groups of survivors to escape to Bronson Beta, whose orbit maps onto that of the destroyed Earth, and is torn away from its former primary by the gravitational impact of the Bronson Alpha/Earth collision. In the 1951 cinematic incarnation, Bronson Alpha was renamed "Bellus", while Bronson Beta was designated "Zyra."

The short story A Pail of Air by Fritz Leiber, which first appeared on the radio show X Minus One in March 1956, is narrated by a boy living on Earth after it has been torn from the Sun's gravity and captured by a passing "dark star". Although Earth now orbits this "dark star", it shares many characteristics with an interstellar planet.

The homeworld of the Founders in is a rogue planet in a nebula; it has climatic conditions capable of supporting humanoid life.

In the episode "Rogue Planet", Enterprise happens upon a rogue planet with an earth-like atmosphere. The planet was heated by volcanic vents that sent heat into the atmosphere, thus sustaining the ecology of the planet.

In the Warhammer 40,000 universe, the Temple of the Culexus Assassins of the Officio Assassinorum is located deep under the surface of a 'dead' rogue planet.

The planet Zonama Sekot in the Star Wars fictional universe was first introduced in the novel Rogue Planet and later expanded on in the New Jedi Order series. The planet, which is in fact a sentient life form itself, is home to life unlike any other in the galaxy, including organic spaceships.

In Space 1999 the Earth's Moon is knocked out of orbit by an explosion at its nuclear waste dump. The Moon then becomes a wandering planet.

The rogue planet of Worlorn is the scene of action in George R. R. Martin’s novel Dying of the Light.

The Red Star, in Anne McCaffrey's Dragonriders of Pern series, was a rogue planet that was captured by Rukbat, the star.

References

1. ^ Rogue planet find makes astronomers ponder theory
2. ^ Stevenson, David J. (1998). "Possibility of Life-Sustaining Planets in Interstellar Space". Nature. 
3. ^ Lissauer, J.J. (1987). "Timescales for Planetary Accretion and the Structure of the Protoplanetary disk". Icarus 69: 249-265. DOI:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90104-7. 

See also

External links

Rogue Planet was a Dan Dare story that ran in the original Eagle comic from Volume 6, Issue 48 (Dated 2 December 1955) to Volume 8, Issue 7 (Dated 15 February 1957). It was drawn by Frank Hampson and Don Harley.
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Rogue Planet

Author Greg Bear
Cover Artist David Stevenson
Country USA
Language English
Era Prequel
Galactic Year 29 BBY
Canon C
Subject(s) Star Wars
Genre(s) Science fiction novel
Publisher Del Rey Books
Released 2 May 2000
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Star Trek: Enterprise episode
"Rogue Planet"

Archer talks to Shiraht
Episode no. 17
Prod. code 118

Airdate March 20, 2002
Writer(s) Rick Berman
Brannon Braga
Chris Black
Teleplay by:
Chris Black
Director Allan Kroeker
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Rogue Planet may refer to:

In literature:
  • Rogue Planet (Dan Dare), a Dan Dare story that ran in the original Eagle comic from Volume 6, Issue 48 to Volume 8, Issue 7
  • Rogue Planet (novel), a novel set in the Star Wars galaxy
In
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planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is a celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion in its core, and has cleared its neighbouring region of
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STAR is an acronym for:

Organizations:
  • Society for Telescopy, Astronomy, and Radio, a non-profit astronomy club in New Jersey
  • Special Tasks and Rescue or Special Tactics and Response, synonyms for SWAT

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Outer space, sometimes simply called space, refers to the relatively empty regions of the universe outside the atmospheres of celestial bodies. Outer space is used to distinguish it from airspace (and terrestrial locations).
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definition of "planet" became the subject of intense debate. Although the word itself dates back millennia, it had never had a formal definition until, beginning in 2005, a confluence of circumstances forced the astronomical community to take action.
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Sub-brown dwarf is a planetary-mass object whose mass is smaller than the low-mass cut-off for brown dwarfs (around 13 times the mass of Jupiter). Unlike proper brown dwarfs, they are not massive enough to fuse deuterium.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1960s  1970s  1980s  - 1990s -  2000s  2010s  2020s
1995 1996 1997 - 1998 - 1999 2000 2001

Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII
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David J. Stevenson (born September 2,1948) is a professor of planetary science at Caltech. Originally from New Zealand, he received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in physics, where he proposed a model for the interior of Jupiter.
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atmosphere is a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass.[1] The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body, and are retained for a longer duration if gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low.
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Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red" (from the Latin infra, "below"), red being the color of visible light with the longest wavelength.
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1, −1
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 2.20 (Pauling scale) More

Atomic radius 25 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 53 pm
Covalent radius 37 pm
Van der Waals radius 120 pm
Miscellaneous

Thermal conductivity (300 K) 180.
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Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than soft X-rays. It is so named because the spectrum starts with wavelengths slightly shorter than the wavelengths humans identify as the color violet
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STAR is an acronym for:

Organizations:
  • Society for Telescopy, Astronomy, and Radio, a non-profit astronomy club in New Jersey
  • Special Tasks and Rescue or Special Tactics and Response, synonyms for SWAT

..... Click the link for more information.
1, −1
(amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity 2.20 (Pauling scale) More

Atomic radius 25 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 53 pm
Covalent radius 37 pm
Van der Waals radius 120 pm
Miscellaneous

Thermal conductivity (300 K) 180.
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Helium (He) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert monatomic chemical element that heads the noble gas series in the periodic table and whose atomic number is 2.
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EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001. Their greatest hit, their debut single "time after time", peaked at #13 in the Oricon singles chart.
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Gravitation is a natural phenomenon by which all objects with mass attract each other. In everyday life, gravitation is most familiar as the agency that endows objects with weight.
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The bar (symbol bar), decibar (symbol dbar) and the millibar (symbol mbar, also mb) are units of pressure. They are not SI units, but they are accepted for use with the SI.
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Atmospheric pressure is the pressure at any point in the Earth's atmosphere. In most circumstances atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the weight of air above the measurement point.
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adiabatic process or an isocaloric process is a thermodynamic process in which no heat is transferred to or from the working fluid. The term "adiabatic" literally means impassable (from a dia bainein), corresponding here to an absence of heat transfer.
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Geothermal power is energy generated by heat stored beneath the Earth's surface. As of 2007, geothermal power supplies less than 10% of the world's energy.[1] Geothermal comes from the Greek words geo, meaning earth, and therme, meaning heat.
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The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. Although the phrase would suggest a specific temperature and is commonly and incorrectly used as such in most textbooks and literature, most crystalline compounds
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Earth's oceans
(World Ocean)
  • Arctic Ocean
  • Atlantic Ocean
  • Indian Ocean
  • Pacific Ocean
  • Southern Ocean
An ocean (from Ωκεανός, Okeanos
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'''

A magnetosphere is the region around an astronomical object in which phenomena are dominated or organized by its magnetic field. Earth is surrounded by a magnetosphere, as are the magnetized planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
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The seabed (also sea floor , seafloor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean. At the bottom of the continental slope is the continental rise, which is caused by sediment cascading down the continental slope.
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Volcano:
1. Large magma chamber
2. Bedrock
3. Conduit (pipe)
4. Base
5. Sill
6. Branch pipe
7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano
8. Flank 9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano
10. Throat
11. Parasitic cone
12. Lava flow
13. Vent
14.
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Life (Biota)

Domains and Kingdoms
  • Life on Earth (Gaeabionta)
  • Nanobes

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