Société Européenne des Satellites-Astra
	Privately-owned subsidiary
Founded	1985
Headquarters	Betzdorf, Luxembourg
Industry	Telecommunications
Products	Satellite Services
Revenue	€ ? billion (2006)
Operating income	€ ? billion (2006)
Net income	€ ? billion (2006)
Employees	? (2006)
Parent	SES
Website	SES Astra

SES Astra SA, is a corporate subsidiary of SES, based in Betzdorf, in eastern Luxembourg, that owns and operates the Astra series of geostationary satellites, which transmit approximately 1100 analogue and digital television and radio channels via 176 transponders to 91 million households across Europe.

Formed in 1985 as Société Européenne des Satellites-Astra (SES), it was Europe's first private satellite operator. Its slogan is currently "Your Satellite Connection to the World".

The first customer of SES Astra was Sky Television who bought 4 transponders for their service in 1989. UK & Ireland aimed channels ceased at 19.2 East in September 2001 with the closure of Sky's analogue service, though their digital service has been the main occupier of Astra's secondary position at 28.2 East since its launch in 1998.

Satellite details

SES Astra operates twelve satellites from three orbital locations, seven at 19.2°E, three at 28.2°E and two at 23.5°E. The company also has two satellites on order to replace early Astra 1 models. Astra's principle of "co-location" (several satellites in the same orbital location) increases flexibility and redundancy.

Satellite	Position	Primary footprint	Manufacturer	Model	Launched	Launch vehicle	Comments
1A	Out of service (December 2004)		GE AstroSpace	GE-4000	December 11 1988	Ariane 44LP	In "junk orbit"
1B	Out of service (July 2006)		GE AstroSpace	GE-5000	March 2 1991	Ariane 44LP	Acquired from GE Americom (Satcom K3).
1C	4.8°E		Hughes	HS-601	May 12 1993	Ariane 42L	Inclined orbit bird for occasional use and professional services.
1E	19.2°E		Hughes	HS-601	October 19 1995	Ariane 42L	Capacity reduced following launch of 1KR
1F	19.2°E		Hughes	HS-601	April 8 1996	Proton
1G	19.2°E		Hughes	HS-601HP	December 2 1997	Proton	Power problems, now max 20 transponders
1H	19.2°E		Hughes	HS-601HP	June 16 1999	Proton
1K	19.2°E	Failed to reach orbit	Alcatel Space	Spacebus 3000B3S	November 26 2002	Proton	Rocket failure, ditched in Pacific Ocean.
1KR	19.2°E		Lockheed Martin	A2100	20 April 2006	Atlas V	Launched after the failure of the Astra 1K.
1L	19.2°E		Lockheed Martin	A2100	May 4, 2007	Ariane 5-ECA	Replacement for 1E/2C; Ku and Ka bands
1M	19.2°E	Under construction	EADS Astrium	Eurostar E3000	Due 2008		To replace 1F at 19.2°E
2A	28.2°E		Hughes	HS-601HP	August 30 1998	Proton
2B	28.2°E		Astrium	Eurostar E2000+	September 14 2000	Ariane 5
2C	28.2°E		Hughes	HS-601HP	June 16 2001	Proton	To be replaced at 19.2°E by 1L; moved to 28.2°E with 2A, 2B and 2D
2D	28.2°E		Hughes	HS-376HP	December 19 2000	Ariane 5
1D	23.5°E		Hughes	HS-601	November 1 1994	Ariane 42P	Moved from 19.2°E to 23.5°E to provide HD services and extra capacity in continental Europe
3A	23.5°E		Boeing	HS-376HP	March 29 2002	Ariane 44L
3B	23.5°E	Under construction	EADS Astrium	Eurostar E3000	Due end 2009		to replace Sirius 2; 52 transponders both in Ku and Ka bands
4A	37.5°W		Alcatel Space	Spacebus-4000C3	February 3 2005	Proton M	Leased transponders of AMC-12, marketed as Astra 4A

Notes

1. 19.2°E is the most common orbital position for direct-to-home satellite TV and radio transmission in Germany, Western and Central Europe.
2. BSkyB broadcast their Sky Digital direct-to-home television service to the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland from the 28.2°E satellite constellation. Eutelsat's Eurobird satellite also operates close to this position.

Satellite manufacturer & launch

SES Astra operates satellites designed by Boeing Satellite Systems or BSS (formerly Hughes Space and Communications), EADS Astrium and Alcatel Space.

Astra satellites within a family are not identical, for example of the Astra 2 satellites; 2A and 2C are BSS 601HPs, 2B is an Astrium Eurostar-2000 and 2D is a BSS 376.

The satellites are launched by Arianespace rockets from Kourou, French Guiana or International Launch Services Proton rockets from Baikonur, Kazakhstan. The satellites are launched into an elliptical "temporary transfer orbit" from where they use onboard propulsion to reach their final circular geostationary orbits, at nearly 36,000 km altitude. Proton rockets fitted with a fourth stage propulsion unit are capable of launching the satellites several thousand kilometres higher (at the closest point of the elliptical orbit) than Ariane rockets. As a result most satellites launched in this way have to use less fuel to reach their geostationary orbit, increasing their flexibility.

Failures

Astra 1K, the largest commercial communications satellite ever built at the time, was ordered by SES-Astra in 1997. It was launched by Proton rocket on November 26 2002. The rocket lifted off as planned and reached its "parking orbit" at which point the final stage of the rocket was to initiate a second burn to transfer the satellite to its geostationary orbit. This did not occur and the satellite was released into the parking orbit, making it unusable. The only way to recover the satellite would have been the use of a Space Shuttle, however this was rejected. On December 10 2002 SES Astra instructed Alcatel Space (the manufacturer) and the French Space Agency CNES to deorbit the satellite, it broke up on re-entry over the Pacific Ocean.

See also

• SES S.A.
• SES Americom
• SES SIRIUS
• List of broadcast satellites
• Astra Digital Radio

External links

• SES Astra - Official site
• Astra transponder footprints (To determine size requirements of a satellite dish - minimum diameter from 50 to 120 cm).
• ESOA website.
• Lyngsat frequency/channel list.
• SatcoDX frequency/channel list.

• Location:
• Astra analogue satellite Promo Video clips - Orbitalzone.Com. Retrieved on 2007-05-29.