The Scottish Government (SG) (Scottish Gaelic: Riaghaltas na h-Alba) is the executive arm of government of Scotland. It was established in 1999 as the Scottish Executive — which remains its legal title under Section 44 of the Scotland Act 1998 — but, following the 2007 Scottish general election, its name was changed by the incoming Scottish National Party administration.

Executive arm of government

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The Scottish Government is responsible for all issues that are not explicitly reserved to the United Kingdom Parliament at Westminster by the Scotland Act; including NHS Scotland, education, justice, rural affairs, and transport. It managed an annual budget of more than £27 billion in the financial year 2005-2006; this is due to rise to over £30 billion in 2007-2008.^[1]

It consists of a First Minister, who leads the Government, and various ministers with individual portfolios and remits. The Scottish Parliament nominates a member to be appointed as First Minister by the Queen. The First Minister then appoints ministers and junior ministers, subject to approval by the Parliament. The First Minister, ministers (but not junior ministers), the Lord Advocate and Solicitor General are the members of the Scottish Executive, as set out in the Scotland Act 1998. They are collectively known as "the Scottish Ministers".

Similar to the United Kingdom government, there is no division between the executive and the legislative arms of government, with the members of the Scottish Executive being chosen from amongst the Members of the Scottish Parliament (except for the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General, who need not be MSPs). The members of the Scottish Executive are assisted by a number of junior ministers, also chosen from amongst the Members of the Parliament. The members of the Executive are therefore able to influence, and in practice dictate legislation in Scotland.

The Scottish Government is currently formed by the Scottish National Party who are the largest party in the Scottish Parliament, although they do not possess an overall majority. The current First Minister is Alex Salmond.

Ministers

Main article: List of Scottish Governments

The structure of the ministerial team proposed by the Scottish National Party (SNP) after their election victory in May 2007 differs from the previous administration. The nomenclature of Cabinet Secretary has been introduced. The Cabinet Secretaries and Ministers are:^[2]

Portfolio	Minister
First Minister	Alex Salmond
Deputy First Minister Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing	Nicola Sturgeon
Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth	John Swinney
Cabinet Secretary for Education and Lifelong Learning	Fiona Hyslop
Cabinet Secretary for Justice	Kenny MacAskill
Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and the Environment	Richard Lochhead
Minister for Parliamentary Business	Bruce Crawford
Minister for Europe, External Affairs and Culture	Linda Fabiani
Minister for Enterprise, Energy and Tourism	Jim Mather
Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change	Stewart Stevenson
Minister for Schools and Skills	Maureen Watt
Minister for Children and Early Years	Adam Ingram
Minister for Public Health	Shona Robison
Minister for Communities and Sport	Stewart Maxwell
Minister for Community Safety	Fergus Ewing
Minister for Environment	Mike Russell
Lord Advocate	Elish Angiolini
Solicitor General for Scotland	Frank Mulholland

Ministers must follow the Scottish Ministerial Code, a code of conduct and guidance on procedures.

Cabinet

The Scottish Cabinet normally meets weekly on Tuesday afternoons at Bute House, in Charlotte Square, the official residence of the First Minister. The Cabinet consists of the Scottish Ministers, excluding the Law Officers (the Lord Advocate and the Solicitor General). The Lord Advocate attends meetings of the Cabinet but is not formally a member.^[3]

The Cabinet is supported by the Cabinet Secretariat, which is based at St Andrew's House.

There are two sub-committees of Cabinet-

• Cabinet Sub-Committee on Legislation
• Membership: the Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing, the Minister for Parliamentary Business, and the Lord Advocate.
• Scottish Executive Emergency Room Cabinet Sub-Committee
• Membership: Cabinet Secretary for Justice (Chair), the Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth, the Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing, the Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs and the Environment and the Lord Advocate.

Offices

The headquarters building of the Scottish Goverment is St. Andrew's House, on Calton Hill in Edinburgh. Some other Government departments are based at Victoria Quay in Leith, Pentland House in Gorgie and Saughton House on Broomhouse Drive. The Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service has its offices at Chambers Street in central Edinburgh.

There are numerous other Edinburgh properties occupied by the Scottish Government. Group security is based in the the old Governor's House on the site of the former Calton Gaol, next door to St Andrews House on Regent Road. The Government Car Service for Scotland also has its Edinburgh offices on Bonnington Road, in Leith. Some offices are located on Waterloo Place separately from St Andrews House. Other small offices are scattered around central Edinburgh, including Bute House, the official residence of the First Minister.

New St Andrews House behind Edinburgh's St James Centre was once a large Scottish Office building, which was occupied until 1997 when the last remaining staff moved to Victoria Quay. Asbestos was found to be present in the walls of this building and it has lain empty for the past decade.

The Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department is located in central Glasgow, and its European Union representative office is located at rond-point Schuman in Brussels, Belgium.

Several executive agencies also form part of the government, and the accountable officers of these agencies report to Scottish Ministers.

United Kingdom Civil Service in Scotland

The term Scottish Government also denotes the civil service supporting Scottish Ministers. According to the most recent (2006) reports, there are 15,263 civil servants working in core Scottish Government departments and agencies.^[4] The civil service is a matter reserved to the United Kingdom Parliament (rather than devolved to Holyrood): Scottish Government civil servants work within the rules and customs of the United Kingdom civil service, but "owe their loyalty to the devolved administration rather than the UK government".^[5]

Other civil servants based in Scotland carry out functions which are not the responsibility of the Scottish Government, for example those in the Ministry of Defence.

Until 2007, the (then) Scottish Executive was made up of 9 Departments, as set out below.

• Office of the Permanent Secretary
• Development Department
• Education Department
• Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department
• Environment and Rural Affairs Department
• Finance and Central Services Department
• Health Department
• Justice Department
• Legal and Parliamentary Services

In 2007 the separate Departments were abolished and the work is now carried out by a number of Directorates, each headed by a Director (see Civil Service grading schemes). The Permanent Secretary and Directors-General (formerly the Department heads) now form a Strategic Board, responsible for overseeing the achievement of the 5 strategic objectives.

There are also 17 Executive Agencies established by Ministers as part of government departments, or as departments in their own right, to carry out a discrete area of work. These include the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency, Scottish Prison Service and Transport Scotland. Agencies are staffed by civil servants.

Two non-Ministerial departments answer directly to Parliament rather than to Ministers:

• General Register Office for Scotland
• Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator

The Scottish Government is also responsible for a large number of Non-Departmental Public Bodies. These include executive bodies (eg. Scottish Enterprise, the Scottish Qualifications Authority and sportscotland); advisory bodies (eg. the General Teaching Council for Scotland, the Scottish Industrial Development Advisory Board and the Scottish Law Commission); tribunals (eg. the Children’s Panel); and nationalised industries (eg. Scottish Water).

Strategic Objectives

In 2007, the Scottish Ministers set for themselves an overall purpose-

"To focus Government and public services on creating a more successful country, with opportunities for all of Scotland to flourish, through increasing sustainable economic growth."

This overall purpose is supported by 5 strategic objectives-

Wealthier and Fairer : Enable businesses and people to increase their wealth and more people to share fairly in that wealth.

Healthier : Help people to sustain and improve their health, especially in disadvantaged communities, ensuring better, local and faster access to health care.

Safer and Stronger : Help local communities to flourish, becoming stronger, safer place to live, offering improved opportunities and a better quality of life.

Smarter : Expand opportunities for Scots to succeed from nurture through to life long learning ensuring higher and more widely shared achievements.

Greener : Improve Scotland's natural and built environment and the sustainable use and enjoyment of it.

Permanent Secretary

The Permanent Secretary supports the First Minister and Cabinet of Scottish Ministers. The current incumbent is Sir John Elvidge who took over from Sir Muir Russell in 2003. John Elvidge is the most senior civil servant in Scotland and heads the Strategic Board of the Scottish Executive.

The Permanent Secretary is answerable to the most senior civil servant in the UK, the Cabinet Secretary, for his professional conduct.

2007 rebranding

In January 2001, the then First Minister Henry McLeish suggested changing the official name of the executive arm from "Scottish Executive" to "Scottish Government". The reaction from the UK Government and from some Labour Party members and Scottish Labour MPs was hostile.^[6]

Following the 2007 election politicians from throughout the political spectrum referred to the new administration as the Scottish government and on September 2 2007 the government announced that the Scottish Executive was to be re-branded as the Scottish Government. The renaming was decided unilaterally by the minority government; as a consequence the SNP was criticised by the 3 Unionist opposition parties for acting without allowing for parliamentary scrutiny, debate or approval of their plan. The rebranding process has been reported to carry a £100 000 cost.^[7]

"Scottish Executive" remains the legal name according to the language of the Scotland Act 1998^[8]. Neither the Scottish Executive nor the Scottish Parliament is able to change the legal name, as this would require an alteration to the Scotland Act.

At the same time that the Scottish Government began to use its new name, a new logo was adopted. The earlier version featured the old name and a version of the Royal Arms for Scotland, but without the motto, the helm, the mantling, the crest, the war-cry above the crest, or the flags of Scotland and England carried by the supporters. In the rendering used, both supporters appeared to be crowned with the Crown of Scotland, whereas in the Royal Arms, the Scottish unicorn is usually shown crowned with the Scottish Crown, and the English lion with the British Imperial State Crown.

In the September 2007 rebranding, this depiction of the Royal Arms was replaced by one of the flag of Scotland.

References

See also

• Government of Scotland
• Joint Ministerial Committee
• Local income tax
• Council of Economic Advisers (Scotland)
• Scottish Broadcasting Commission
• Talking Scotland

External links

• Official website
• The Scottish Parliament and the Scottish Executive - Roles and Responsibilities, Scottish Parliament website
• Scottish Parliament & Scottish Executive, Scotland Office website
• articles regarding the Scottish Executive, The Scotsman newspaper
• directory of Scottish Executive websites, Glasgow University Library
• Junior Exec - the official government kids site for Scotland, an external website supported by the Scottish Executive

•  • [ e] Departments of the Scottish Executive

Ministerial: Office of the Permanent Secretary • Development Department • Education Department • Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning Department • Environment and Rural Affairs Department • Finance and Central Services Department • Health Department • Justice Department • Legal and Parliamentary Services Non-ministerial: General Register Office for Scotland • Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator

•  • [ e] Executive Agencies of the Scottish Government

Accountant in Bankruptcy • Communities Scotland • Fisheries Research Services • Historic Scotland • Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education • Mental Health Tribunal for Scotland • National Archives of Scotland • Registers of Scotland • Scottish Agricultural Science Agency • Scottish Building Standards Agency • Scottish Court Service • Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency • Scottish Prison Service • Scottish Public Pensions Agency • Social Work Inspection Agency • Student Awards Agency for Scotland • Transport Scotland

•  • [ e] Executive Non Departmental Public Bodies of the Scottish Government

• Accounts Commission for Scotland • Brd na Gidhlig • Cairngorms National Park Authority • Crofters Commission • Deer Commission for Scotland • Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland • Highlands & Islands Enterprise • Inspectorate of Prosecution in Scotland • Learning & Teaching Scotland • The Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park Authority • National Galleries of Scotland • National Library of Scotland • National Museums of Scotland • Parole Board for Scotland • Risk Management Authority • Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh • Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland • Scottish Agricultural Wages Board • Scottish Arts Council • Scottish Children's Reporter Administration • Scottish Commission for the Regulation of Care • Scottish Criminal Cases Review Commission • Scottish Enterprise • Scottish Environment Protection Agency • Scottish Funding Council • Scottish Hospital Endowments Research Trust • Scottish Legal Aid Board • Scottish Natural Heritage • Scottish Qualifications Authority • Scottish Screen • Scottish Social Services Council • sportscotland • Visitscotland • Water Industry Commissioner for Scotland

•  • [ e] Advisory Non Departmental Public Bodies of the Scottish Government

Advisory Committee on Sites of Special Scientific Interest • Architecture and Design Scotland • Building Standards Advisory Committee • Fisheries (Electricity) Committee • General Teaching Council for Scotland • Historic Environment Advisory Council for Scotland • Justices of the Peace Advisory Committee • Local Government Boundary Commission for Scotland • Mobility and Access Committee for Scotland • Scottish Advisory Committee on Distinction Awards • Scottish Advisory Committee on the Medical Workforce • Scottish Industrial Development Advisory Board • Scottish Law Commission • Scottish Local Authorities Remuneration Committee • Scottish Records Advisory Council

•  • [ e] Nationalised Industries of the Scottish Government
Caledonian MacBrayne • Highlands and Islands Airports Limited • Scottish Water

•  • [ e] British-Irish Council
Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Northern Ireland Republic of Ireland Scotland United Kingdom Wales

•  • [ e] Topics on Scotland
History	Timeline Prehistoric Scotland Kingdom of Scotland Scotland in the High Middle Ages Davidian Revolution Wars of Scottish Independence Scotland in the Late Middle Ages Scottish Reformation Scottish colonisation of the Americas Acts of Union 1707 Scottish Enlightenment Jacobitism Highland Clearances Lowland Clearances
Geography	Geology Climate Demographics Mountains and hills Islands Lochs Fauna Highlands
Economy	Companies Bank of Scotland Royal Bank of Scotland North Sea oil Whisky Tourism Harris Tweed Renewable energy Transport
Law	Courts Lord President Crown Office Lord Advocate Solicitor General Procurator Fiscal
People	List of Scots Inventors Musicians Scientists Writers
Politics	Political parties Elections Scottish Parliament Scottish Executive First Minister of Scotland Secretary of State for Scotland Scotland Office Local government Monarchs of Scotland Military Scottish independence
Religion	Church of Scotland General Assembly Roman Catholicism Judaism Scottish Episcopal Church Islam Hinduism
Language	Scottish Gaelic language Scots language Scottish English Highland English
Culture	Clans Cuisine Education Flags Coat of arms Anthem Hogmanay Innovations Literature Music Sport World Heritage sites Nationalism
See also