Classification & external resources

ICD-10	F93.0
ICD-9	309.21
DiseasesDB	34361
eMedicine	ped/2657

Separation anxiety disorder is a psychological condition in which an individual has excessive anxiety regarding separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (like a mother). Present in all age groups, adult separation anxiety disorder (affecting roughly 7% of adults) is more common than childhood separation anxiety disorder (affecting approximately 4% of children). [1][2]. Separation anxiety disorder is often characterized by some of the following symptoms:

• Recurring distress when separated from the subject of attachment (such as the mother or home)
• Persistent, excessive worrying about losing the subject of attachment
• Persistent, excessive worrying that some event will lead to separation from a major attachment
• Excessive fear about being alone without subject of attachment
• Persistent reluctance or refusal to go to sleep without being near a major attachment figure, like a mother
• Recurrent nightmares about separation

Often, separation anxiety disorder is a symptom of a co-morbid condition. Studies show that children suffering from separation anxiety disorder are much more likely to have ADHD, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, and others later in life. [3]

Separation Anxiety Disorder should not be confused with Separation Anxiety, which occurs as "a normal stage of development for healthy, secure babies." [4] Separation anxiety occurs as babies begin to understand their own selfhood - or understand that they are a separate person from their primary caregiver. At the same time, the concept of object permanence emerges - which is when children learn that something still exists when it is not seen or heard. As babies begin to understand that they can be separated from their primary caregiver, they do not understand that their caregiver will return, nor do they have a concept of time. This, in turn, causes a normal and healthy anxious reaction.

•  • [ e] WHO ICD-10 Mental and behavioural disorders (, )
Neurological/symptomatic	Dementia (Alzheimer's disease, Multi-infarct dementia, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, AIDS dementia complex) - Delirium - Post-concussion syndrome
Psychoactive substance	Intoxication (Drunkenness) - Physical dependence (Alcohol dependence, Opioid dependency) - Withdrawal (Benzodiazepine withdrawal, Delirium tremens) - Amnesic (Korsakoff's syndrome)
Psychotic disorder	Schizophrenia (Disorganized schizophrenia) - Schizotypal personality disorder - Delusional disorder - Folie deux - Schizoaffective disorder
Mood (affective)	Mania - Bipolar disorder - Clinical depression - Cyclothymia - Dysthymia
Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform	Agoraphobia - Anxiety disorder - Panic disorder - Generalized anxiety disorder - Social Anxiety Disorder - OCD - Acute stress reaction - PTSD - Adjustment disorder - Conversion disorder (Ganser syndrome) - Somatoform disorder - Somatization disorder - Neurasthenia
Physiological/physical behavioural	Eating disorder (Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa) - Sleep disorder (Dyssomnia, Insomnia, Hypersomnia, Parasomnia, Night terror, Nightmare) - Sexual dysfunction (Erectile dysfunction, Premature ejaculation, Vaginismus, Dyspareunia, Hypersexuality) - Postpartum depression
Adult personality and behaviour	Personality disorder - Passive-aggressive behavior - Kleptomania - Trichotillomania - Voyeurism - Factitious disorder - Munchausen syndrome
Mental retardation	Mental retardation
Psychological development (developmental disorder)	Specific: speech and language (Expressive language disorder, Aphasia, Expressive aphasia, Receptive aphasia, Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Lisp) - scholastic skills (Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Gerstmann syndrome) - motor function (Developmental Dyspraxia) Pervasive: Autism - Rett syndrome - Asperger syndrome
Behavioural and emotional, childhood and adolescence onset	ADHD - Conduct disorder - Oppositional defiant disorder - Separation anxiety disorder - Selective mutism - Reactive attachment disorder - Tic disorder - Tourette syndrome - speech (Stuttering, Cluttering)