Serkland

Information about Serkland

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srklant on the Tillinge Runestone raised in memory of a Varangian who did not return from Serkland, at the church of Tillinge in Uppland, Sweden.
In Old Norse sources, such as sagas and runestones, Særkland or Serkland was the name of the Abbasid Caliphate and probably some neighbouring muslim regions.

Despite obvious similarity to Saracen, the place-name is likely derived from serkr (shirt, modern Russian "sorochka") and land (land, country), referring to the clothes of the people that lived in the area. Another possible explanation is the Turkic word for "forty furs", which was an important currency during the Viking Age and resulted in the modern Russian word for "forty" - sorok.

Notably one of the Ingvar Runestones, the Gripsholm Runestone, raised circa 1040 at Gripsholm, commemorates a Varangian loss during an ill-fated raid in Serkland. The other remaining runestones that talk of Serkland are Sö 131, Sö 279, Sö 281, the Tillinge Runestone (U 785) and probably the lost runestone U 439. For a detailed account of such raids, see Caspian expeditions of the Rus.

The sagas that mention Serkland are Ynglinga saga, Sörla saga sterka, Sörla þáttr, Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara and Hjálmþés saga ok Ölvis. It is also mentioned by the 11th century skald Þórgils fiskimaðr[1], and the 12th century skald Þórarinn stuttfeldr[2].

  •  • [ e] Gararki
Volkhov-Volga trade route: Lyubsha | Aldeigja | laborg | Duboviki | Hlmgarr | Sarskoe | Timerevo
Dvina-Dnieper trade route: Pallteskja | Gnezdovo | Chernigov | Knugarr
Other locations: Bjarmaland | Khortitsa | White Shores | Miklagarr | Srkland
Varangians | Rus' | Slavs | Merya | Bulgars | Khazars
Old Norse}}} 
Writing system: Runic, later Latin alphabet.
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2: non
ISO 639-3: non

Old Norse
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For other uses, see Saga (disambiguation).
The Simple API for Grid Applications (SAGA), is an open standard defined and maintained by the Open Grid Forum that describes an interface for high-level Grid application programming.
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Rune stones are stones with runic inscriptions dating from the early Middle Ages but are found to have been used most prominently during the Viking Age. Compared to western Europe, Scandinavia has poor written evidence for its early medieval history in favor of an oral skaldic
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AD Tulunid dynasty 868-905 Hamdanid dynasty 890-1004 Ikhshidid dynasty 935-969 Uqaylid Dynasty 990-1096 Zengid dynasty 1127-1250 Ayyubid dynasty 1171-1246 Bahri dynasty 1250-1382 Burji dynasty 1382–1517


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A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfah), is the Islamic form of government representing the political unity and leadership of the Muslim world.
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For other uses, see Saracen (disambiguation).


Saracens was a term used in the Middle Ages for those who professed the religion of Islam.[1]

Etymology

The term Saracen comes from Greek
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Viking Age is the term denoting the years from about 800 to 1066 in Scandinavian History[1][2][3]. The vikings explored Europe by its oceans and rivers through trade and warfare.
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Ingvar Runestones (Swedish: Ingvarstenarna) is the name of c. 26 Varangian Runestones that were raised in commemoration of those who died in the Swedish Viking expedition to the Caspian Sea of Ingvar the Far-Travelled.
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This article is about the year 1040. For the U.S. tax document, see Form 1040.


10th century - 11st century - 12nd century
1010s  1020s  1030s  - 1040s -  1050s  1060s  1070s
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Gripsholm Castle (Swedish: Gripsholms Slott) is a castle in Sweden and is regarded as one of Sweden's finest historical monuments. It is located near the town of Mariefred by the lake Mälaren in south central Sweden, in the municipality of Strängnäs, about 60 km west of
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Varangians or Varyags (Russian, Ukrainian : Варяги, Varyagi) sometimes referred to as Variagians were Scandinavians who migrated eastwards and southwards through what is now Russia and Ukraine mainly in the 9th and 10th centuries.
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Caspian expeditions of the Rus were military raids undertaken by the Rus between 864 and 1041 on the Caspian Sea shores.[1] Initially, the Rus appeared in Serkland in the 9th century traveling as merchants along the Volga trade route, selling furs, honey, and slaves.
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The Ynglinga saga was originally written in Old Norse by the Icelandic poet Snorri Sturluson about 1225. He based it on an earlier Ynglingatal which is attributed to the Norwegian 9th century skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, and which also appears in Historia Norwegiae.
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Sörla saga sterka is a legendary saga which was written sometime during the 14th or 15th centuries.

It is a sequel to Hálfdanar saga Brönufóstra and like its prequel one of its locales is England, which is a vassal to Sweden.
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Sörla þáttr is a short story in Flateyjarbok, a collection of tales about Norwegian kings written by two Christian priests in 15th century, owned by a family from Flatey island.
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Heimskringla is the best known of the old Norse kings' sagas. It was written in Old Norse in Iceland by the poet and historian Snorri Sturluson (1179 – 1242) ca. 1230.
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Hjálmþés saga ok Ölvis is a late legendary saga without an apparent historic basis. It is about two children of a jarl, and one of them is Hjálmþér whose evil step-mother commands him to work as a thrall until he as performed an impossible task.
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100.

In the history of European culture, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages.
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skald was a member of a group of poets, whose courtly poetry (Icelandic: dróttkvæði) is associated with the courts of Scandinavian and Icelandic leaders during the Viking age, who composed and performed renditions of aspects of what we now characterise as Old Norse poetry
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 12th century was that century which lasted from 1101 to 1200. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and is sometimes called the Age of the Cistercians.
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Volkhov River (Peка Волхов)

Volkhov River near Velikiy Novgorod, and the Yuriev Monastery.

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Part of a on Trade routes

Major Routes
Amber Road Hrvejen . Incense Route
Kamboja-Dvaravati Route . King's Highway
Roman-India routes . Royal Road
Silk Road Spice Route .
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Lyubsha (Russian: Любша) is an archaeological site situated on the right bank of the Volkhov, about 1,500 metres downstream from Staraya Ladoga.
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Staraya Ladoga (Russian: Ста́рая Ла́дога), or Aldeigjuborg of Norse sagas, is a village (selo
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Álaborg or Áluborg is the name of a Varangian fort mentioned in the Norse sagas about Halfdan Eysteinsson and Hrolf Ganger. The first saga indicates that it was possible to sail from Aldeigjuborg (Ladoga) to Alaborg northward by sea, but a more rapid and practicable way was
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Novye Duboviki (Russian: Новые Дубовики; literally: "New Oak Grove") is an archaeological site in Leningrad Oblast of Russia, located about  km ( mi) south
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State Party Russian Federation
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iv, vi
Reference 604
Region European Russia

Inscription History
Inscription 1992  (16th Session)
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Sarskoye Gorodishche (Russian: Сарское городище, literally: "Citadel on the Sara") was a medieval fortified settlement in the Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia.
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Timerevo (Russian: Тимерёво, Timeryovo) is an archaeological site near the village of Bolshoe Timeryovo, seven kilometers southwest of Yaroslavl, Russia, which yielded the largest deposits
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Origin Russia
Mouth Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea
Basin countries Belarus, Latvia, Russia, Lithuania
Length 1020 km (634 mi)
Source elevation 221 m (725 ft)

Avg.
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