sexagenary cycle
Information about sexagenary cycle
The Chinese sexagenary cycle (Chinese: 干支; Pinyin: gānzhī) is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles, the ten Heavenly Stems (天干; tiāngān) and the twelve Earthly Branches (地支; dìzhī). These have been traditionally used as a means of numbering days and years, not only in China but also in other East Asian nations like Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. It is also an important part of Chinese astrology.
Its use for recording years is more recent. It became widespread in the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC- 8 AD), and might have began in the late Warring States period. According to Nihon shoki, the calendar was transmitted to Japan in 553. But it was not until the Suiko era around 602 that the calendar was used for politics.
The calendar is calculated by combining the jikkan (十干 the 10 stems) and jūnishi (十二支 the 12 branches). These two sets of terms were used to enumerate years of the civil calendar. Combining the series form a greater cycle of 60 terms, as the least common multiple of 10 and 12 is 60. The first term is formed by adding the first stem to the first branch, then the second stem to the second branch, and so on. If you start with kinoe-ne/kōshi (甲子), so the 61st year would also be kinoe-ne. This was how the tradition of celebrating the 60th birthday (還暦 kanreki) began. This counting system employing things of nature and animals create many myths, and people of Japan today still consider the good and bad luck of certain days and years.
The year 604, when the Japanese officially adopted the Chinese calendar, was the first year of the cycle. The year 1984 began the present cycle, and 2044 will begin another.
*The names of several animals can be translated into English in several different ways. The Vietnamese Earthly Branches use Cat instead of Rabbit/Hare.
In a traditional story of the twelve animals, the cat and rat were once good friends, but the animals to be selected to represent the years included the rat but not the cat. These animals had to present themselves to be given the honour of representing the years in the cycle, and the cat asked the rat to wake him up before they had to go. The rat didn't do this, but instead went himself. When they came to cross a river, the rat jumped on the ox's back, and just before the ox got to the bank, the rat jumped off and was first in line. This is why the twelve animals are lead by the rat, and because the cat was cheated out of its rightful place, rats are forever sought out by cats for revenge.
The sexagenary cycle was first used for days in the Shang Dynasty, and later also used for years and less commonly for months.
For example, the year 2000 was 17th year of the 78th sexagenary cycle, a gēng-chén year (庚辰年), a year of the Yang Metal Dragon. Therefore, 2006 is 23rd year of the 78th sexagenary cycle, called a bǐng-xū year (丙戌年), a year of the Yang Fire Dog; 2007 a year of the Yin Fire Pig.
The naming of the months and days is not common now, although they are shown on Chinese calendars and almanacs.
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Standard Mandarin, also known as Modern Standard Chinese
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Overview
The cycle was used in China since the second millennium BC (it has been found on Shang dynasty oracle bones), as a means of naming days (just as we use the days in the week). This use of the cycle for days is attested throughout the Zhou dynasty. For instance, most entries in the Spring and Autumn Annals use this system.Its use for recording years is more recent. It became widespread in the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC- 8 AD), and might have began in the late Warring States period. According to Nihon shoki, the calendar was transmitted to Japan in 553. But it was not until the Suiko era around 602 that the calendar was used for politics.
The calendar is calculated by combining the jikkan (十干 the 10 stems) and jūnishi (十二支 the 12 branches). These two sets of terms were used to enumerate years of the civil calendar. Combining the series form a greater cycle of 60 terms, as the least common multiple of 10 and 12 is 60. The first term is formed by adding the first stem to the first branch, then the second stem to the second branch, and so on. If you start with kinoe-ne/kōshi (甲子), so the 61st year would also be kinoe-ne. This was how the tradition of celebrating the 60th birthday (還暦 kanreki) began. This counting system employing things of nature and animals create many myths, and people of Japan today still consider the good and bad luck of certain days and years.
The year 604, when the Japanese officially adopted the Chinese calendar, was the first year of the cycle. The year 1984 began the present cycle, and 2044 will begin another.
Ten Heavenly Stems
| Heavenly Stem |
Chinese name (Mandarin pron. in pinyin) |
Japanese name |
Korean name |
Vietnamese name |
Yin Yang | Element | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onyomi | Kunyomi with corresponding kanji |
Romanized | Hangul | ||||||
| 1 | 甲 | jiǎ | kō | kinoe (木の兄) | gap | 갑 | giáp | yang | wood |
| 2 | 乙 | yǐ | otsu | kinoto (木の弟) | eul | 을 | ất | yin | |
| 3 | 丙 | bǐng | hei | hinoe (火の兄) | byeong | 병 | bính | yang | fire |
| 4 | 丁 | dīng | tei | hinoto (火の弟) | jeong | 정 | đinh | yin | |
| 5 | 戊 | wù | bo | tsuchinoe (土の兄) | mu | 무 | mậu | yang | earth |
| 6 | 己 | jǐ | ki | tsuchinoto (土の弟) | gi | 기 | kỷ | yin | |
| 7 | 庚 | gēng | kō | kanoe (金の兄) | gyeong | 경 | canh | yang | metal |
| 8 | 辛 | xīn | shin | kanoto (金の弟) | shin | 신 | tân | yin | |
| 9 | 壬 | rén | jin | mizunoe (水の兄) | im | 임 | nhâm | yang | water |
| 10 | 癸 | guǐ | ki | mizunoto (水の弟) | gye | 계 | quı | yin | |
Twelve Earthly Branches
| Earthly Branch |
Chinese name (Mandarin pron. in pinyin) |
Japanese name |
Korean name |
Vietnamese name |
Chinese zodiac |
Corresponding hours | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Onyomi | Kunyomi | Romanized | Hangul | ||||||
| 1 | 子 | zǐ | shi | ne | ja | 자 | tı | Rat (鼠) | 11 p.m. to 1 a.m. |
| 2 | 丑 | chǒu | chū | ushi | chuk | 축 | sửu | Ox/Cow/Bull (牛) | 1 to 3 a.m. |
| 3 | 寅 | yín | in | tora | in | 인 | dần | Tiger (虎) | 3 to 5 a.m. |
| 4 | 卯 | mǎo | bō | u | myo | 묘 | mẹo/mão | Rabbit/Hare* (兔) | 5 to 7 a.m. |
| 5 | 辰 | chén | shin | tatsu | jin | 진 | thìn | Dragon (龍) | 7 to 9 a.m. |
| 6 | 巳 | sì | shi | mi | sa | 사 | t? | Snake (蛇) | 9 to 11 a.m. |
| 7 | 午 | wǔ | go | uma | o | 오 | ng? | Horse (馬) | 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. |
| 8 | 未 | wèi | mi or bi | hitsuji | mi | 미 | mùi | Sheep/Goat (羊) | 1 to 3 p.m. |
| 9 | 申 | shēn | shin | saru | shin | 신 | thân | Monkey (猴) | 3 to 5 p.m. |
| 10 | 酉 | yǒu | yū | tori | yu | 유 | dậu | Chicken/Rooster (雞) | 5 to 7 p.m. |
| 11 | 戌 | xū | jutsu | inu | sul | 술 | tuất | Dog (狗) | 7 to 9 p.m. |
| 12 | 亥 | hài | gai | i | hae | 해 | hợi | Pig/Boar (豬) | 9 to 11 p.m. |
In a traditional story of the twelve animals, the cat and rat were once good friends, but the animals to be selected to represent the years included the rat but not the cat. These animals had to present themselves to be given the honour of representing the years in the cycle, and the cat asked the rat to wake him up before they had to go. The rat didn't do this, but instead went himself. When they came to cross a river, the rat jumped on the ox's back, and just before the ox got to the bank, the rat jumped off and was first in line. This is why the twelve animals are lead by the rat, and because the cat was cheated out of its rightful place, rats are forever sought out by cats for revenge.
Sexagenary Cycle
| Stem-Branch | Chinese name | Korean name | Japanese name | Vietnamese name | Associations | |
| 1 | 甲子 | jiǎ-zǐ | gapja 갑자 | kōshi/kinoe-ne | Giáp Tı | Yang Wood Rat |
| 2 | 乙丑 | yǐ-chǒu | eulchuk 을축 | itchū/kinoto-ushi | Ất Sửu | Yin Wood Ox |
| 3 | 丙寅 | bǐng-yín | byeongin 병인 | heiin/hinoe-tora | Bính Dần | Yang Fire Tiger |
| 4 | 丁卯 | dīng-mǎo | jeongmyo 정묘 | teibō/hinoto-u | Đinh Mão | Yin Fire Rabbit |
| 5 | 戊辰 | wù-chén | mujin 무진 | boshin/tsuchinoe-tatsu | Mậu Thìn | Yang Earth Dragon |
| 6 | 己巳 | jǐ-sì | gisa 기사 | kishi/tsuchinoto-mi | Kỷ Tỵ | Yin Earth Snake |
| 7 | 庚午 | gēng-wǔ | gyeongo 경오 | kōgo/kanoe-uma | Canh Ngọ | Yang Metal Horse |
| 8 | 辛未 | xīn-wèi | shinmi 신미 | shinbi/kanoto-hitsuji | Tân Mùi | Yin Metal Sheep |
| 9 | 壬申 | rén-shēn | imshin 임신 | jinshin/mizunoe-saru | Nhâm Thân | Yang Water Monkey |
| 10 | 癸酉 | guǐ-yǒu | gyeyu 계유 | kiyū/mizunoto-tori | Quı Dậu | Yin Water Chicken |
| 11 | 甲戌 | jiǎ-xū | gapsul 갑술 | kōjutsu/kinoe-inu | Giáp Tuất | Yang Wood Dog |
| 12 | 乙亥 | yǐ-hài | eulhae 을해 | itsugai/kinoto-i | Ât Hợi | Yin Wood Pig |
| 13 | 丙子 | bǐng-zǐ | byeongja 병자 | heishi/hinoe-ne | Bính Tı | Yang Fire Rat |
| 14 | 丁丑 | dīng-chǒu | jeongchuk 정축 | teichū/hinoto-ushi | Đinh Sửu | Yin Fire Ox |
| 15 | 戊寅 | wù-yín | muin 무인 | boin/tsuchinoe-tora | Mậu Dần | Yang Earth Tiger |
| 16 | 己卯 | jǐ-mǎo | gimyo 기묘 | kibō/tsuchinoto-u | Kỷ Mão | Yin Earth Rabbit |
| 17 | 庚辰 | gēng-chén | gyeongjin 경진 | kōshin/kanoe-tatsu | Canh Thìn | Yang Metal Dragon |
| 18 | 辛巳 | xīn-sì | shinsa 신사 | shinshi/kanoto-mi | Tân Tỵ | Yin Metal Snake |
| 19 | 壬午 | rén-wǔ | imo 임오 | jingo/mizunoe-uma | Nhâm Ngọ | Yang Water Horse |
| 20 | 癸未 | guǐ-wèi | gyemi 계미 | kibi/mizunoto-hitsuji | Quı Mùi | Yin Water Sheep |
| 21 | 甲申 | jiǎ-shēn | gapshin 갑신 | kōshin/kinoe-saru | Giáp Thân | Yang Wood Monkey |
| 22 | 乙酉 | yǐ-yǒu | eulyu 을유 | itsuyū/kinoto-tori | Ất Dậu | Yin Wood Chicken |
| 23 | 丙戌 | bǐng-xū | byeongsul 병술 | heijutsu/hinoe-inu | Bính Tuất | Yang Fire Dog |
| 24 | 丁亥 | dīng-hài | jeonghae 정해 | teigai/hinoto-i | Đinh Hợi | Yin Fire Pig |
| 25 | 戊子 | wù-zǐ | muja 무자 | boshi/tsuchinoe-ne | Mậu Tı | Yang Earth Rat |
| 26 | 己丑 | jǐ-chǒu | gichuk 기축 | kichū/tsuchinoto-ushi | Kỷ Sửu | Yin Earth Ox |
| 27 | 庚寅 | gēng-yín | gyeongin 경인 | kōin/kanoe-tora | Canh Dần | Yang Metal Tiger |
| 28 | 辛卯 | xīn-mǎo | shinmyo 신묘 | shinbō/kanoto-u | Tân Mão | Yin Metal Rabbit |
| 29 | 壬辰 | rén-chén | imjin 임진 | jinshin/mizunoe-tatsu | Nhâm Thìn | Yang Water Dragon |
| 30 | 癸巳 | guǐ-sì | gyesa 계사 | kishi/mizunoto-mi | Quı Tỵ | Yin Water Snake |
| 31 | 甲午 | jiǎ-wǔ | gapo 갑오 | kōgo/kinoe-uma | Giáo Ngọ | Yang Wood Horse |
| 32 | 乙未 | yǐ-wèi | eulmi 을미 | itsubi/kinoto-hitsuji | Ất Mùi | Yin Wood Sheep |
| 33 | 丙申 | bǐng-shēn | byeongshin 병신 | heishin/hinoe-saru | Bính Thân | Yang Fire Monkey |
| 34 | 丁酉 | dīng-yǒu | jeongyu 정유 | teiyū/hinoto-tori | Đinh Dậu | Yin Fire Chicken |
| 35 | 戊戌 | wù-xū | musul 무술 | bojutsu/tsuchinoe-inu | Mậu Tuất | Yang Earth Dog |
| 36 | 己亥 | jǐ-hài | gihae 기해 | kigai/tsuchinoto-i | Kỷ Hợi | Yin Earth Pig |
| 37 | 庚子 | gēng-zǐ | gyeongja 경자 | kōshi/kanoe-ne | Canh Tı | Yang Metal Rat |
| 38 | 辛丑 | xīn-chǒu | shinchuk 신축 | shinchū/kanoto-ushi | Tân Sửu | Yin Metal Ox |
| 39 | 壬寅 | rén-yín | imin 임인 | jin'in/mizunoe-tora | Nhâm Dần | Yang Water Tiger |
| 40 | 癸卯 | guǐ-mǎo | gyemyo 계묘 | kibō/mizunoto-u | Quı Mão | Yin Water Rabbit |
| 41 | 甲辰 | jiǎ-chén | gapjin 갑진 | kōshin/kinoe-tatsu | Giáp Thìn | Yang Wood Dragon |
| 42 | 乙巳 | yǐ-sì | eulsa 을사 | itsushi/kinoto-mi | Ất Tỵ | Yin Wood Snake |
| 43 | 丙午 | bǐng-wǔ | byeongo 병오 | heigo/hinoe-uma | Bính Ngọ | Yang Fire Horse |
| 44 | 丁未 | dīng-wèi | jeongmi 정미 | teibi/hinoto-hitsuji | Đinh Mùi | Yin Fire Sheep |
| 45 | 戊申 | wù-shēn | mushin 무신 | boshin/tsuchinoe-saru | Mậu Thân | Yang Earth Monkey |
| 46 | 己酉 | jǐ-yǒu | giyu 기유 | kiyū/tsuchinoto-tori | Kỷ Dậu | Yin Earth Chicken |
| 47 | 庚戌 | gēng-xū | gyeongsul 경술 | kōjutsu/kanoe-inu | Canh Tuất | Yang Metal Dog |
| 48 | 辛亥 | xīn-hài | shinhae 신해 | shingai/kanoto-i | Tân Hợi | Yin Metal Pig |
| 49 | 壬子 | rén-zǐ | imja 임자 | jinshi/mizunoe-ne | Nhâm Tı | Yang Water Rat |
| 50 | 癸丑 | guǐ-chǒu | gyechuk 계축 | kichū/mizunoto-ushi | Quı Sửu | Yin Water Ox |
| 51 | 甲寅 | jiǎ-yín | gapin 갑인 | kōin/kinoe-tora | Giáp Dần | Yang Wood Tiger |
| 52 | 乙卯 | yǐ-mǎo | eulmyo 을묘 | itsubō/kinoto-u | Ất Mão | Yin Wood Rabbit |
| 53 | 丙辰 | bǐng-chén | byeongjin 병진 | heishin/hinoe-tatsu | Bính Thìn | Yang Fire Dragon |
| 54 | 丁巳 | dīng-sì | jeongsa 정사 | teishi/hinoto-mi | Đinh Tỵ | Yin Fire Snake |
| 55 | 戊午 | wù-wǔ | muo 무오 | bogo/tsuchinoe-uma | Mậu Ngọ | Yang Earth Horse |
| 56 | 己未 | jǐ-wèi | gimi 기미 | kibi/tsuchinoto-hitsuji | Kỷ Mùi | Yin Earth Sheep |
| 57 | 庚申 | gēng-shēn | gyeongshin 경신 | kōshin/kanoe-saru | Canh Thân | Yang Metal Monkey |
| 58 | 辛酉 | xīn-yǒu | shinyu 신유 | shin'yū/kanoto-tori | Tân Dậu | Yin Metal Chicken |
| 59 | 壬戌 | rén-xū | imsul 임술 | jinjutsu/mizunoe-inu | Nhâm Tuất | Yang Water Dog |
| 60 | 癸亥 | guǐ-hài | gyehae 계해 | kigai/mizunoto-i | Quı Hợi | Yin Water Pig |
)
The sexagenary cycle was first used for days in the Shang Dynasty, and later also used for years and less commonly for months.
For example, the year 2000 was 17th year of the 78th sexagenary cycle, a gēng-chén year (庚辰年), a year of the Yang Metal Dragon. Therefore, 2006 is 23rd year of the 78th sexagenary cycle, called a bǐng-xū year (丙戌年), a year of the Yang Fire Dog; 2007 a year of the Yin Fire Pig.
The naming of the months and days is not common now, although they are shown on Chinese calendars and almanacs.
Relation to western calendar
Below is the sexagenary cycle matched up to the Western calendar for the years 1804 - 2043, or four full 60 year cycles.1804 - 1923
| 1804 - 1863 | Heavenly stem | Earthly branch | 1864 - 1923 | |
| Year | (Elements) | (Animals) | Year | |
| 1 | ~~ 1804 - ~~ 1805 | 甲 Yang Wood | 子 Rat | ~~ 1864 - ~~ 1865 |
| 2 | ~~ 1805 - ~~ 1806 | 乙 Yin Wood | 丑 Ox | ~~ 1865 - ~~ 1866 |
| 3 | ~~ 1806 - ~~ 1807 | 丙 Yang Fire | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 1866 - ~~ 1867 |
| 4 | ~~ 1807 - ~~ 1808 | 丁 Yin Fire | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 1867 - ~~ 1868 |
| 5 | ~~ 1808 - ~~ 1809 | 戊 Yang Earth | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 1868 - ~~ 1869 |
| 6 | ~~ 1809 - ~~ 1810 | 己 Yin Earth | 巳 Snake | ~~ 1869 - ~~ 1870 |
| 7 | ~~ 1810 - ~~ 1811 | 庚 Yang Metal | 午 Horse | ~~ 1870 - ~~ 1871 |
| 8 | ~~ 1811 - ~~ 1812 | 辛 Yin Metal | 未 Sheep | ~~ 1871 - ~~ 1872 |
| 9 | ~~ 1812 - ~~ 1813 | 壬 Yang Water | 申 Monkey | ~~ 1872 - ~~ 1873 |
| 10 | ~~ 1813 - ~~ 1814 | 癸 Yin Water | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 1873 - ~~ 1874 |
| 11 | ~~ 1814 - ~~ 1815 | 甲 Yang Wood | 戌 Dog | ~~ 1874 - ~~ 1875 |
| 12 | ~~ 1815 - ~~ 1816 | 乙 Yin Wood | 亥 Pig | ~~ 1875 - ~~ 1876 |
| 13 | ~~ 1816 - ~~ 1817 | 丙 Yang Fire | 子 Rat | ~~ 1876 - ~~ 1877 |
| 14 | ~~ 1817 - ~~ 1818 | 丁 Yin Fire | 丑 Ox | ~~ 1877 - ~~ 1878 |
| 15 | ~~ 1818 - ~~ 1819 | 戊 Yang Earth | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 1878 - ~~ 1879 |
| 16 | ~~ 1819 - ~~ 1820 | 己 Yin Earth | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 1879 - ~~ 1880 |
| 17 | ~~ 1820 - ~~ 1821 | 庚 Yang Metal | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 1880 - ~~ 1881 |
| 18 | ~~ 1821 - ~~ 1822 | 辛 Yin Metal | 巳 Snake | ~~ 1881 - ~~ 1882 |
| 19 | ~~ 1822 - ~~ 1823 | 壬 Yang Water | 午 Horse | ~~ 1882 - ~~ 1883 |
| 20 | ~~ 1823 - ~~ 1824 | 癸 Yin Water | 未 Sheep | ~~ 1883 - ~~ 1884 |
| 21 | ~~ 1824 - ~~ 1825 | 甲 Yang Wood | 申 Monkey | ~~ 1884 - ~~ 1885 |
| 22 | ~~ 1825 - ~~ 1826 | 乙 Yin Wood | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 1885 - ~~ 1886 |
| 23 | ~~ 1826 - ~~ 1827 | 丙 Yang Fire | 戌 Dog | ~~ 1886 - ~~ 1887 |
| 24 | ~~ 1827 - ~~ 1828 | 丁 Yin Fire | 亥 Pig | ~~ 1887 - ~~ 1888 |
| 25 | ~~ 1828 - ~~ 1829 | 戊 Yang Earth | 子 Rat | ~~ 1888 - ~~ 1889 |
| 26 | ~~ 1829 - ~~ 1830 | 己 Yin Earth | 丑 Ox | ~~ 1889 - ~~ 1890 |
| 27 | ~~ 1830 - ~~ 1831 | 庚 Yang Metal | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 1890 - ~~ 1891 |
| 28 | ~~ 1831 - ~~ 1832 | 辛 Yin Metal | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 1891 - ~~ 1892 |
| 29 | ~~ 1832 - ~~ 1833 | 壬 Yang Water | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 1892 - ~~ 1893 |
| 30 | ~~ 1833 - ~~ 1834 | 癸 Yin Water | 巳 Snake | ~~ 1893 - ~~ 1894 |
| 31 | ~~ 1834 - ~~ 1835 | 甲 Yang Wood | 午 Horse | ~~ 1894 - ~~ 1895 |
| 32 | ~~ 1835 - ~~ 1836 | 乙 Yin Wood | 未 Sheep | ~~ 1895 - ~~ 1896 |
| 33 | ~~ 1836 - ~~ 1837 | 丙 Yang Fire | 申 Monkey | ~~ 1896 - ~~ 1897 |
| 34 | ~~ 1837 - ~~ 1838 | 丁 Yin Fire | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 1897 - ~~ 1898 |
| 35 | ~~ 1838 - ~~ 1839 | 戊 Yang Earth | 戌 Dog | ~~ 1898 - ~~ 1899 |
| 36 | ~~ 1839 - ~~ 1840 | 己 Yin Earth | 亥 Pig | ~~ 1899 - Jan 30 1900 |
| 37 | ~~ 1840 - ~~ 1841 | 庚 Yang Metal | 子 Rat | Jan 31 1900 - Feb 18 1901 |
| 38 | ~~ 1841 - ~~ 1842 | 辛 Yin Metal | 丑 Ox | Feb 19 1901 - Feb 07 1902 |
| 39 | ~~ 1842 - ~~ 1843 | 壬 Yang Water | 寅 Tiger | Feb 08 1902 - Jan 28 1903 |
| 40 | ~~ 1843 - ~~ 1844 | 癸 Yin Water | 卯 Rabbit | Jan 29 1903 - Feb 15 1904 |
| 41 | ~~ 1844 - ~~ 1845 | 甲 Yang Wood | 辰 Dragon | Feb 16 1904 - Feb 03 1905 |
| 42 | ~~ 1845 - ~~ 1846 | 乙 Yin Wood | 巳 Snake | Feb 04 1905 - Jan 24 1906 |
| 43 | ~~ 1846 - ~~ 1847 | 丙 Yang Fire | 午 Horse | Jan 25 1906 - Feb 12 1907 |
| 44 | ~~ 1847 - ~~ 1848 | 丁 Yin Fire | 未 Sheep | Feb 13 1907 - Feb 01 1908 |
| 45 | ~~ 1848 - ~~ 1849 | 戊 Yang Earth | 申 Monkey | Feb 02 1908 - Jan 21 1909 |
| 46 | ~~ 1849 - ~~ 1850 | 己 Yin Earth | 酉 Rooster | Jan 22 1909 - Feb 09 1910 |
| 47 | ~~ 1850 - ~~ 1851 | 庚 Yang Metal | 戌 Dog | Feb 10 1910 - Jan 29 1911 |
| 48 | ~~ 1851 - ~~ 1852 | 辛 Yin Metal | 亥 Pig | Jan 30 1911 - Feb 17 1912 |
| 49 | ~~ 1852 - ~~ 1853 | 壬 Yang Water | 子 Rat | Feb 18 1912 - Feb 05 1913 |
| 50 | ~~ 1853 - ~~ 1854 | 癸 Yin Water | 丑 Ox | Feb 06 1913 - Jan 25 1914 |
| 51 | ~~ 1854 - ~~ 1855 | 甲 Yang Wood | 寅 Tiger | Jan 26 1914 - Feb 13 1915 |
| 52 | ~~ 1855 - ~~ 1856 | 乙 Yin Wood | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 14 1915 - Feb 02 1916 |
| 53 | ~~ 1856 - ~~ 1857 | 丙 Yang Fire | 辰 Dragon | Feb 03 1916 - Jan 22 1917 |
| 54 | ~~ 1857 - ~~ 1858 | 丁 Yin Fire | 巳 Snake | Jan 23 1917 - Feb 10 1918 |
| 55 | ~~ 1858 - ~~ 1859 | 戊 Yang Earth | 午 Horse | Feb 11 1918 - Jan 31 1919 |
| 56 | ~~ 1859 - ~~ 1860 | 己 Yin Earth | 未 Sheep | Feb 01 1919 - Feb 18 1920 |
| 57 | ~~ 1860 - ~~ 1861 | 庚 Yang Metal | 申 Monkey | Feb 19 1920 - Feb 07 1921 |
| 58 | ~~ 1861 - ~~ 1862 | 辛 Yin Metal | 酉 Rooster | Feb 08 1921 - Jan 27 1922 |
| 59 | ~~ 1862 - ~~ 1863 | 壬 Yang Water | 戌 Dog | Jan 28 1922 - Feb 15 1923 |
| 60 | ~~ 1863 - ~~ 1864 | 癸 Yin Water | 亥 Pig | Feb 16 1923 - Feb 04 1924 |
1924 - 2043
| 1924 - 1983 | Heavenly stem | Earthly branch | 1984 - 2043 | |
| Year | (Elements) | (Animals) | Year | |
| 1 | Feb 05 1924 - Jan 23 1925 | 甲 Yang Wood | 子 Rat | Feb 02 1984 - Feb 19 1985 |
| 2 | Jan 24 1925 - Feb 11 1926 | 乙 Yin Wood | 丑 Ox | Feb 20 1985 - Feb 08 1986 |
| 3 | Feb 12 1926 - Feb 01 1927 | 丙 Yang Fire | 寅 Tiger | Feb 09 1986 - Jan 28 1987 |
| 4 | Feb 02 1927 - Jan 21 1928 | 丁 Yin Fire | 卯 Rabbit | Jan 29 1987 - Feb 16 1988 |
| 5 | Jan 22 1928 - Feb 08 1929 | 戊 Yang Earth | 辰 Dragon | Feb 17 1988 - Feb 05 1989 |
| 6 | Feb 09 1929 - Jan 28 1930 | 己 Yin Earth | 巳 Snake | Feb 06 1989 - Jan 25 1990 |
| 7 | Jan 29 1930 - Feb 16 1931 | 庚 Yang Metal | 午 Horse | Jan 26 1990 - Feb 13 1991 |
| 8 | Feb 17 1931 - Feb 05 1932 | 辛 Yin Metal | 未 Sheep | Feb 14 1991 - Feb 02 1992 |
| 9 | Feb 06 1932 - Jan 24 1933 | 壬 Yang Water | 申 Monkey | Feb 03 1992 - Jan 21 1993 |
| 10 | Jan 25 1933 - Feb 13 1934 | 癸 Yin Water | 酉 Rooster | Jan 22 1993 - Feb 09 1994 |
| 11 | Feb 14 1934 - Feb 02 1935 | 甲 Yang Wood | 戌 Dog | Feb 10 1994 - Jan 30 1995 |
| 12 | Feb 03 1935 - Jan 23 1936 | 乙 Yin Wood | 亥 Pig | Jan 31 1995 - Feb 18 1996 |
| 13 | Jan 24 1936 - Feb 10 1937 | 丙 Yang Fire | 子 Rat | Feb 19 1996 - Feb 06 1997 |
| 14 | Feb 11 1937 - Jan 30 1938 | 丁 Yin Fire | 丑 Ox | Feb 07 1997 - Jan 27 1998 |
| 15 | Jan 31 1938 - Feb 18 1939 | 戊 Yang Earth | 寅 Tiger | Jan 28 1998 - Feb 15 1999 |
| 16 | Feb 19 1939 - Feb 07 1940 | 己 Yin Earth | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 16 1999 - Feb 04 2000 |
| 17 | Feb 08 1940 - Jan 26 1941 | 庚 Yang Metal | 辰 Dragon | Feb 05 2000 - Jan 23 2001 |
| 18 | Jan 27 1941 - Feb 14 1942 | 辛 Yin Metal | 巳 Snake | Jan 24 2001 - Feb 11 2002 |
| 19 | Feb 15 1942 - Feb 03 1943 | 壬 Yang Water | 午 Horse | Feb 12 2002 - Jan 31 2003 |
| 20 | Feb 04 1943 - Jan 24 1944 | 癸 Yin Water | 未 Sheep | Feb 01 2003 - Jan 21 2004 |
| 21 | Jan 25 1944 - Feb 11 1945 | 甲 Yang Wood | 申 Monkey | Jan 22 2004 - Feb 08 2005 |
| 22 | Feb 12 1945 - Feb 01 1946 | 乙 Yin Wood | 酉 Rooster | Feb 09 2005 - Jan 28 2006 |
| 23 | Feb 02 1946 - Jan 21 1947 | 丙 Yang Fire | 戌 Dog | Jan 29 2006 - Feb 17 2007 |
| 24 | Jan 22 1947 - Feb 09 1948 | 丁 Yin Fire | 亥 Pig | Feb 18 2007 - Feb 06 2008 |
| 25 | Feb 10 1948 - Jan 28 1949 | 戊 Yang Earth | 子 Rat | Feb 07 2008 - Jan 25 2009 |
| 26 | Jan 29 1949 - Feb 15 1950 | 己 Yin Earth | 丑 Ox | Jan 26 2009 - Feb 13 2010 |
| 27 | Feb 16 1950 - Feb 05 1951 | 庚 Yang Metal | 寅 Tiger | Feb 14 2010 - Feb 02 2011 |
| 28 | Feb 06 1951 - Jan 25 1952 | 辛 Yin Metal | 卯 Rabbit | Feb 03 2011 - Jan 22 2012 |
| 29 | Jan 26 1952 - Feb 13 1953 | 壬 Yang Water | 辰 Dragon | Jan 23 2012 - Feb 09 2013 |
| 30 | Feb 14 1953 - Feb 02 1954 | 癸 Yin Water | 巳 Snake | Feb 10 2013 - Jan 30 2014 |
| 31 | Feb 03 1954 - Jan 23 1955 | 甲 Yang Wood | 午 Horse | Jan 31 2014 - Feb 18 2015 |
| 32 | Jan 24 1955 - Feb 10 1956 | 乙 Yin Wood | 未 Sheep | Feb 19 2015 - Feb 07 2016 |
| 33 | Feb 11 1956 - Jan 29 1957 | 丙 Yang Fire | 申 Monkey | Feb 08 2016 - Jan 27 2017 |
| 34 | Jan 30 1957 - Feb 17 1958 | 丁 Yin Fire | 酉 Rooster | Jan 28 2017 - Feb 18 2018 |
| 35 | Feb 18 1958 - Feb 06 1959 | 戊 Yang Earth | 戌 Dog | Feb 19 2018 - Feb 04 2019 |
| 36 | Feb 07 1959 - Jan 27 1960 | 己 Yin Earth | 亥 Pig | Feb 05 2019 - Jan 24 2020 |
| 37 | Jan 28 1960 - Feb 14 1961 | 庚 Yang Metal | 子 Rat | Jan 25 2020 - ~~ 2021 |
| 38 | Feb 15 1961 - Feb 04 1962 | 辛 Yin Metal | 丑 Ox | ~~ 2021 - ~~ 2022 |
| 39 | Feb 05 1962 - Jan 24 1963 | 壬 Yang Water | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 2022 - ~~ 2023 |
| 40 | Jan 25 1963 - Feb 12 1964 | 癸 Yin Water | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 2023 - ~~ 2024 |
| 41 | Feb 13 1964 - Jan 31 1965 | 甲 Yang Wood | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 2024 - ~~ 2025 |
| 42 | Feb 01 1965 - Jan 20 1966 | 乙 Yin Wood | 巳 Snake | ~~ 2025 - ~~ 2026 |
| 43 | Jan 21 1966 - Feb 08 1967 | 丙 Yang Fire | 午 Horse | ~~ 2026 - ~~ 2027 |
| 44 | Feb 09 1967 - Jan 28 1968 | 丁 Yin Fire | 未 Sheep | ~~ 2027 - ~~ 2028 |
| 45 | Jan 29 1968 - Feb 15 1969 | 戊 Yang Earth | 申 Monkey | ~~ 2028 - ~~ 2029 |
| 46 | Feb 16 1969 - Feb 05 1970 | 己 Yin Earth | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 2029 - ~~ 2030 |
| 47 | Feb 06 1970 - Jan 25 1971 | 庚 Yang Metal | 戌 Dog | ~~ 2030 - ~~ 2031 |
| 48 | Jan 26 1971 - Feb 14 1972 | 辛 Yin Metal | 亥 Pig | ~~ 2031 - ~~ 2032 |
| 49 | Feb 15 1972 - Feb 02 1973 | 壬 Yang Water | 子 Rat | ~~ 2032 - ~~ 2033 |
| 50 | Feb 03 1973 - Jan 23 1974 | 癸 Yin Water | 丑 Ox | ~~ 2033 - ~~ 2034 |
| 51 | Jan 24 1974 - Feb 10 1975 | 甲 Yang Wood | 寅 Tiger | ~~ 2034 - ~~ 2035 |
| 52 | Feb 11 1975 - Jan 30 1976 | 乙 Yin Wood | 卯 Rabbit | ~~ 2035 - ~~ 2036 |
| 53 | Jan 31 1976 - Feb 17 1977 | 丙 Yang Fire | 辰 Dragon | ~~ 2036 - ~~ 2037 |
| 54 | Feb 18 1977 - Feb 06 1978 | 丁 Yin Fire | 巳 Snake | ~~ 2037 - ~~ 2038 |
| 55 | Feb 07 1978 - Jan 27 1979 | 戊 Yang Earth | 午 Horse | ~~ 2038 - ~~ 2039 |
| 56 | Jan 28 1979 - Feb 15 1980 | 己 Yin Earth | 未 Sheep | ~~ 2039 - ~~ 2040 |
| 57 | Feb 16 1980 - Feb 04 1981 | 庚 Yang Metal | 申 Monkey | ~~ 2040 - ~~ 2041 |
| 58 | Feb 05 1981 - Jan 24 1982 | 辛 Yin Metal | 酉 Rooster | ~~ 2041 - ~~ 2042 |
| 59 | Jan 25 1982 - Feb 12 1983 | 壬 Yang Water | 戌 Dog | ~~ 2042 - ~~ 2043 |
| 60 | Feb 13 1983 - Feb 01 1984 | 癸 Yin Water | 亥 Pig | ~~ 2043 - ~~ 2044 |
See also
This page contains Chinese text.
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China (Traditional Chinese: Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.
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Chinese or the Sinitic language(s) (汉语/漢語, Pinyin: Hànyǔ; 华语/華語, Huáyǔ; or 中文, Zhōngwén) can be considered a language or language family.
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60 (sixty) is the natural number following 59 and preceding 61. Being thrice twenty, 60 is called "three score" in some older literature.
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In mathematics
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10 (ten) is an even natural number following 9 and preceding 11.
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← 0
→
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Celestial stem (Chinese: ; Pinyin: tiāngān) is an ancient Chinese cyclic character numeral system: Jia (甲), Yi (乙), Bing (丙), Ding (丁), Wu (戊), Ji (己),
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Mathematical properties
φ(12) = 4 τ(12) = 6
σ(12) = 28 π(12) = 5
μ(12) = 0 M(12) = -2
12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13.
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φ(12) = 4 τ(12) = 6
σ(12) = 28 π(12) = 5
μ(12) = 0 M(12) = -2
12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13.
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The Earthly Branches (Chinese: 地支; Pinyin: dìzhī; or Chinese: 十二支; Pinyin: shíèrzhī
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East Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. Geographically, it covers about 12,000,000 km², or about 28% of the Asian continent and about 15% bigger than the area of Europe. More than 1.
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Capital Seoul, Pyongyang
Largest conurbation (population) Seoul
Official languages Korean
- Water (%) 2.
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Largest conurbation (population) Seoul
Official languages Korean
- Water (%) 2.
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Motto
Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc
"Independence - Freedom - Happiness"
Anthem
Tiến Quân Ca
"Army March" (first verse)
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Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc
"Independence - Freedom - Happiness"
Anthem
Tiến Quân Ca
"Army March" (first verse)
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Chinese astrology is the divination of the future from the Chinese calendar, which is based on astronomy, and ancient Chinese philosophy. In particular, it is based on the sexagenary cycle of 60 years that has been documented since the time of the Shang Dynasty at the latest.
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Shang Dynasty (Chinese: ) or Yin Dynasty () (ca. 1750 BC - ca. 1045 BC) is the second historic Chinese dynasty and ruled in the northeastern region of the area known as "China proper", in the Yellow River valley.
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Oracle bones (甲骨片 pinyin: jiǎgǔpiàn) are pieces of bone or turtle shell used in royal divination in the mid Shang to early Zhou dynasties in ancient China, and often bearing written inscriptions in what is called oracle bone script.
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Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Zhōu Cháo; Wade-Giles: Chou Ch`ao; 1123 BC to 256 BC[1]) preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China.
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The Spring and Autumn Annals is the official chronicle of the State of Lu covering the period from 722 BCE to 481 BCE. It is the earliest surviving Chinese historical text to be arranged on annalistic principles.
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Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: 漢朝; Simplified Chinese: 汉朝
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"Warring States" redirects here.
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The Nihon Shoki (日本書紀
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In arithmetic and number theory, the least common multiple or lowest common multiple (lcm) or smallest common multiple of two integers a and b is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of both a and b.
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This page contains Chinese text.
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Standard Mandarin, also known as Modern Standard Chinese
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Origins
Traditional Chinese
Variant characters
Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese (2nd-round)
Traditional/Simplified (debate)
Kanji
- Man'yōgana
Hanja
- Idu
Han Tu
- Chữ Nm
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Traditional Chinese
Variant characters
Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese (2nd-round)
Traditional/Simplified (debate)
Kanji
- Man'yōgana
Hanja
- Idu
Han Tu
- Chữ Nm
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The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It is the official South Korean replacement for the 1984 McCune-Reischauer–based romanization system.
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Hangul (한글) or Chosŏn'gŭl (조선글) [2]
ISO 15924 Hang
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ISO 15924 Hang
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Western
Air
Water Aether Fire
Earth
Chinese (Wu Xing)
Water (水)
Metal (金) Earth (土) Wood (木)
Fire (火)
Japanese (Godai)
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Air
Water Aether Fire
Earth
Chinese (Wu Xing)
Water (水)
Metal (金) Earth (土) Wood (木)
Fire (火)
Japanese (Godai)
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Western
Air
Water Aether Fire
Earth
Chinese (Wu Xing)
Water (水)
Metal (金) Earth (土) Wood (木)
Fire (火)
Japanese (Godai)
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Air
Water Aether Fire
Earth
Chinese (Wu Xing)
Water (水)
Metal (金) Earth (土) Wood (木)
Fire (火)
Japanese (Godai)
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Western
Air
Water Aether Fire
Earth
Chinese (Wu Xing)
Water (水)
Metal (金) Earth (土) Wood (木)
Fire (火)
Japanese (Godai)
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Air
Water Aether Fire
Earth
Chinese (Wu Xing)
Water (水)
Metal (金) Earth (土) Wood (木)
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Japanese (Godai)
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