Shumashti language

Information about Shumashti language

Shumashti
Spoken in:Afghanistan 
Region:Kunar Province
Total speakers:1,000 (1994)
Language family:}}}
 Indo-Iranian
  Dardic
   Shumashti}}} 
Official status
Official language of:none
Regulated by:no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1:none
ISO 639-2:none
ISO 639-3:sts
Shumashti - also known as Shumasht - is a language spoken in parts of western Afghanistan.

It belongs to the Indo-European language family, and is on the Dardic group of the Indo-Iranian branch.

It was spoken by an estimated 1,000 people in 1994 on the western side Kunar River 60 miles up from Gawar-Bati. Literacy rates are low: below 1% (less than 10) for people who have it as a first language, and between 15% to 25% (between 150 and 250) for people who have it as a second language.

It has a lexical similarity of 63% with Nangalami and 47% with Gawar-Bati. It has been heavily influenced by Pashayi.

References

  • Shumashti. Retrieved June 14, 2006, from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, fifteenth edition. SIL International. Online version.
 •  • [ e]
Indo-Iranian languages
Indic (Indo-Aryan)
Iranian
DardicDameli Domaaki Gawar-Bati Kalash Kashmiri Khowar Kohistani Nangalami Pashayi Palula Shina Shumashti
NuristaniAskunu Kamkata-viri Tregami Vasi-vari Waigali
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Kunar (Pashto: کُنَر) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country and on the border with Pakistan. Its capital is Asadabad.
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A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It consists of four language groups: the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, and Dardic.
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Dardic languages are a group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and in the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir which is divided between India and Pakistan.
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This is a list of bodies that regulate standard languages.

Afrikaans Die Taalkommissie, South Africa
Arabic Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية, Syria, Egypt, Jordan,
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ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. It consists of 136 two-letter codes used to identify the world's major languages. These codes are a useful international shorthand for indicating languages.
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ISO 639-2 is the second part of the ISO 639 standard, which lists codes for the representation of the names of languages. The three-letter codes given for each language in this part of the standard are referred to as "Alpha-3" codes. There are 464 language codes in the list.
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ISO 639-3 is an international standard for language codes. It extends the ISO 639-2 alpha-3 codes with an aim to cover all known natural languages. The standard was published by ISO on 5 February 2007[1].
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.


A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, the northern Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and much of Central Asia.
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A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common ancestor, called the proto-language. As with biological families, the evidence of relationship is observable shared characteristics.
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Dardic languages are a group of Indo-Iranian languages spoken in eastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and in the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir which is divided between India and Pakistan.
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Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It consists of four language groups: the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, and Dardic.
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The Kunar River (Kunar Rud) is about 480 km long, located in eastern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. The Kunar river system is fed from melting glaciers and snow of the Hindu Kush mountains.
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first language a human being learns to speak is his/her native language. He/She is a native speaker of this language according to Leonard Bloomfield [1]

A first language or native language is a basis for sociolinguistic identity.
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A second language (L2) is any language learned after the first language or mother tongue (L1). Some languages, often called auxiliary languages, are used primarily as second languages or lingua francas.
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Nangalami is a Dardic language and is a branch of the Indo-Iranian language group, which in turn is branch of the Indo-European language.


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Old: Sanskrit: Vedic Sanskrit - Classical Sanskrit (Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni)
  • Middle: Prakrit: Pāli - Maharashtri - Magadhi
  • New:
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    • Pashayi}}} 
    Official status
    Official language of: none
    Regulated by: no official regulation
    Language codes
    ISO 639-1: none
    ISO 639-2: none
    ISO 639-3: variously:
    aee
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    Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in
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    Indo-Iranian language group constitutes the easternmost extant branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It consists of four language groups: the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Nuristani, and Dardic.
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    Indo-Aryan languages form a subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European family of languages. The term "Indic" refers to the same group without what some see as the negative connotations of "Aryan".
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    Sanskrit}}}  | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | Writing system: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | Devanāgarī and several other Brāhmī-based scripts  ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"|Official
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    Vedic Sanskrit is an ancient Indian language, the language of the Vedas, the oldest shruti texts of Hinduism. It is an archaic form of Sanskrit, an early descendant of Proto-Indo-Iranian, attested during the period between roughly 1700 BCE (early Rigveda) and 600
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    Sanskrit}}}  | style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | Writing system: | colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.5em;" | Devanāgarī and several other Brāhmī-based scripts  ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"|Official
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    Some theonyms, proper names and other terminology of the Mitanni exhibit an Indo-Aryan superstrate, suggesting that an Indo-Aryan elite imposed itself over the Hurrian population in the course of the Indo-Aryan expansion.
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    Prakrit (also spelt Pracrit) (Sanskrit: prākṛta प्राकृत (from pra-kṛti प्रकृति)
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