Sinclair Lewis

Born:	February 7, 1885 Sauk Centre, Minnesota, USA
Died:	January 10, 1951 Rome, Italy
Occupation:	Novelist, Playwright, Short story writer
Nationality:	American

Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 — January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright. In 1930 he became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters." His works are known for their insightful and critical views of American society and capitalist values. His style is at times droll, satirical, and yet sympathetic.

Biography

Boyhood and Education

Born Harry Sinclair Lewis in the village of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, he began reading books at a young age and kept a diary. He had two siblings, Fred (born 1875) and Claude (born 1878). His father, Edwin J. Lewis, was a physician and, at home, a stern disciplinarian who had difficulty relating to his sensitive, unathletic third son. Lewis's mother, Emma Kermott Lewis, died in 1891; little is known of whatever influence she may have had on him. The following year, Edwin Lewis married Isabel Warner, whose company young Lewis apparently enjoyed. Throughout his lonely boyhood, the ungainly Lewis -- tall, extremely thin, stricken with acne, and somewhat popeyed -- had trouble gaining friends and pined after various local girls. At age 13, he unsuccessfully ran away from home, wanting to become a drummer boy in the Spanish-American War.^[1]

In fall 1902, Lewis left home for a year at Oberlin Academy (the then-preparatory department of Oberlin College) to help himself qualify for acceptance by Yale University. While at Oberlin, he developed a religious enthusiasm that waxed and waned for much of his remaining teenaged years. He entered Yale in 1903 but did not receive his bachelor's degree until 1908, having taken time off to work at Helicon Hall, Upton Sinclair's cooperative-living colony near Englewood, New Jersey, and to travel to Panama. Lewis's unprepossessing looks, "fresh" country manners, and seemingly self-important loquacity did not make it any easier for him to win and keep friends at Oberlin or Yale than in Sauk Centre. Some of his crueller Yale classmates joked "that he was the only man in New Haven who could fart out of his face." Nevertheless, he did manage to initiate a few relatively long-lived friendships among students and professors, some of whom recognized his promise as a writer.^[2]

Early career

Lewis's earliest published creative work -- romantic poetry and short sketches -- appeared in the Yale Courant and the Yale Literary Magazine, of which he became an editor. After his graduation from Yale, Lewis moved from job to job and from place to place in an effort to make ends meet, write fiction for publication, and chase away boredom. While working for newspapers and publishing houses (and for a time at the Carmel writers' colony), he developed a facility for turning out shallow, popular stories that were purchased by a variety of magazines. At this time, he also earned money by selling plots to Jack London. Lewis's first published book was Hike and the Aeroplane, a Tom Swift-style potboiler that appeared in 1912 under the pseudonym Tom Graham. His first serious novel, Our Mr. Wrenn: The Romantic Adventures of a Gentle Man, appeared in 1914, followed by The Trail of the Hawk: A Comedy of the Seriousness of Life (1915) and The Job: An American Novel (1917). That same year also saw the publication of another potboiler, The Innocents: A Story for Lovers, an expanded version of a serial story that had originally appeared in Woman's Home Companion. Free Air, another refurbished serial story, was published in 1919. Each of Lewis's serious books -- Our Mr. Wrenn, Dodsworth, Gideon Planish,Trail of the Hawk, and The Job (1917 novel) demonstrated a steady development in skill and brought increasingly positive reviews, despite lackluster sales.^[3]

Commercial Success

As early as 1916, Lewis began taking notes for a realistic novel about small-town life. Work on that novel continued through the summer of 1920, when he finally completed Main Street (published in October of that year). As biographer Mark Schorer has stated, the phenomenal success of Main Street "was the most sensational event in twentieth-century American publishing history."^[4] Based on sales of his prior books, Lewis's most optimistic projection was a sale of 25,000 copies. In the first six months of 1921 alone, Main Street sold 180,000 copies, and within a few years sales were estimated at two million.^[5]

Private Life

Lewis married the writer Grace Livingstone Hegger, whom he met while working in New York City, on April 15, 1914.^[6]

Lewis was known for giving strong characterization to modern working women and for his concern with race. Some of his most famous books were Main Street and Babbitt. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1926 — which he rejected — for Arrowsmith, a novel about an idealistic doctor. Elmer Gantry was the story of an opportunistic evangelist, if not an outright charlatan. It was banned in Boston and other U.S. cities; Main Street, Babbitt, Kingsblood Royal, and Cass Timberlane all were banned in their turn. In his Nobel Prize lecture, he lamented that "in America most of us — not readers alone, but even writers — are still afraid of any literature which is not a glorification of everything American, a glorification of our faults as well as our virtues," and that America is "the most contradictory, the most depressing, the most stirring, of any land in the world today."

In 1928 he married journalist Dorothy Thompson and in 1930 their son Michael Lewis was born.

The restless Lewis traveled much, and in the 1920s would spend time with other great artists in the Montparnasse Quarter in Paris, France where he would be photographed by Man Ray. His last great work was It Can't Happen Here, a speculative novel about the election of a fascist U.S. President.

Alcohol played a dominant role in his life; he died of advanced alcoholism in Rome.

He created the fictional cities of Gopher Prairie, Minnesota and Zenith, Winnemac.

Bibliography

• Hike and the Aeroplane, 1912 (as Tom Graham)
• Our Mr. Wrenn, 1914
• The Trail of the Hawk, 1915
• The Innocents, 1917
• The Job, 1917
• Free Air, 1919
• Main Street, 1920
• Babbitt, 1922
• Arrowsmith, 1925
• Mantrap, 1926
• Elmer Gantry, 1927
• The Man Who Knew Coolidge, 1928
• Dodsworth, 1929
• Ann Vickers, 1933
• Work of Art, 1934
• It Can't Happen Here, 1935
• Jayhawker, 1935 (play)
• Selected Short Stories, 1935
• The Prodigal Parents, 1938
• Bethel Merriday, 1940
• Gideon Planish, 1943
• Cass Timberlane, 1945
• Kingsblood Royal, 1947
• The God-Seeker, 1949
• World So Wide, 1951 (posthumous)

Quotations

• "I love America, but I don't like it."
• "When fascism comes to America it will be wrapped in the flag and carrying a cross."
• "This is America - a town of a few thousand, in a region of wheat and corn and dairies and little groves. The town is, in our tale, called 'Gopher Prairie, Minnesota'. But its Main Street is the continuation of Main Streets everywhere."
• "Advertising is a valuable economic factor because it is the cheapest way of selling goods, particularly if the goods are worthless."
• "Winter is not a season, it's an occupation."
• "There are two insults which no human will endure: the assertion that he hasn't a sense of humor, and the doubly impertinent assertion that he has never known trouble."
• "American professors like their literature clear and cold and pure and very dead."

References

• Lingeman, Richard ed. Sinclair Lewis: Main Street & Babbitt (Library of America, 1992) ISBN 978-0-94045061-5
• Lingeman, Richard ed. Sinclair Lewis: Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, Dodsworth (Library of America, 2002) ISBN 978-1-93108208-2
• Mark Schorer, Sinclair Lewis: An American Life, 1961.
• D. J. Dooley, The Art of Sinclair Lewis, 1967.
• Martin Light, The Quixotic Vision of Sinclair Lewis, 1975.
• Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 31.3, Autumn 1985, special issues on Sinclair Lewis.
• Sinclair Lewis at 100: Papers Presented at a Centennial Conference, 1985.
• Martin Bucco, Main Street: The Revolt of Carol Kennicott, 1993.
• James M. Hutchisson, The Rise of Sinclair Lewis, 1920-1930, 1996.
• Glen A. Love, Babbitt: An American Life.
• Stephen R. Pastore, Sinclair Lewis: A Descriptive Bibliography, 1997.

SOURCE: [1]

External links

• Online collection of works
• Works by Sinclair Lewis at Project Gutenberg
• Sinclair Lewis at the Internet Movie Database
• Sinclair Lewis at the Internet Broadway Database
• his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters.
• Sinclair Lewis Society
• Autobiography
• [https://www.wbgu.org/shop/index.php?productID=90 wbgu.org] WBGU-PBS documentary about Sinclair Lewis
• Hutchisson, The Rise of Sinclair Lewis, 1920-1930, Penn State Press, 2001 ISBN 0-271-02123-3

•  • [ e] Nobel Prize in Literature Laureates
Grazia Deledda (1926) • Henri Bergson (1927) • Sigrid Undset (1928) • Thomas Mann (1929) • Sinclair Lewis (1930) • Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1931) • John Galsworthy (1932) • Ivan Bunin (1933) • Luigi Pirandello (1934) • Eugene O'Neill (1936) • Roger Martin du Gard (1937) • Pearl S. Buck (1938) • Frans Eemil Sillanp (1939) • Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (1944) • Gabriela Mistral (1945) • Hermann Hesse (1946) • Andr Gide (1947) • T. S. Eliot (1948) • William Faulkner (1949) • Bertrand Russell (1950)

Books by Sinclair Lewis
Hike and the Aeroplane | Our Mr. Wrenn | The Job | The Innocents | Free Air | Main Street | Babbitt | Arrowsmith | Mantrap | Elmer Gantry | The Man Who Knew Coolidge | Dodsworth | Ann Vickers | Work of Art | It Can't Happen Here | Selected Stories | The Prodigal Parents | Bethel Merriday | Gideon Planish | Cass Timberlane | Kingsblood Royal | The God Seeker | World So Wide