solar term

Information about solar term

(Twenty-four) solar terms
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese:(二十四)節?
Simplified Chinese:(二十四)节?
Japanese name
Kanji:(二十四)節?
Hiragana:(にじゅうし)せっ?
Korean name
Hangul:(이십사)절?
Hanja:(二十四)節?
二十四節氣
solar terms


A solar term is one of 24 points in traditional East Asian lunisolar calendars that matches a particular astronomical event or signifies some natural phenomenon. The points are spaced 15° apart along the ecliptic and are used by lunisolar calendars to stay synchronized with the seasons. Solar terms originated in China, then spread to Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. This is exhibited by the fact that traditional Chinese, Hanja, and Kanji characters for most of the solar terms are identical.

Because the Sun's speed along the ecliptic varies depending on the Earth-Sun distance, the number of days that it takes the Sun to travel between each pair of solar terms varies slightly throughout the year. Each solar term is divided into three pentads (候 hou). Each pentad consists of five days (rarely six), so there are 72 pentads in a year.

List of solar terms

Longi-
tude
Chinese
name ¹
Japanese
name
Korean
name ²
Vietnamese
name
Date ³ Usual
translation
Remark
315°立春
lìchūn
立春
risshun
입춘 (立春)
ipchun
Lập xuânFeb 4start of spring 
330°雨水
yǔshui
雨水
usui
우수 (雨水)
usu
Vũ thủyFeb 19rain watermore rain than snow
345°驚蟄 (惊蛰)
jīngzhé
啓蟄
keichitsu
경칩 (驚蟄)
gyeongchip
Kinh trậpMar 5awakening of insectslit. awakening of hibernating insects. See the note at Chinese calendar#Solar term.
0°春分
chūnfēn
春分
shunbun
춘분 (春分)
chunbun
Xuân phânMar 21vernal equinoxlit. spring division (or center)
15°清明
qīngmíng
清明
seimei
청명 (清明)
cheongmyeong
Thanh minhApr 5clear and brighttime for tending graves
30°穀雨 (谷雨)
gǔyu
穀雨
kokuu
곡우 (穀雨)
gogu
Cốc vuApr 20grain rainlit. grain rain: rain helps grain grow
45°立夏
lìxià
立夏
rikka
입하 (立夏)
ipha
Lập h?May 6start of summer 
60°小滿 (小满)
xiǎomǎn
小満
shōman
소만 (小滿)
soman
Tiểu mãnMay 21grain fullgrains are plump
75°芒種 (芒种)
mángzhòng
芒種
bōshu
망종 (芒種)
mangjong
Mang chủngJun 6grain in earlit. awns (beard of grain) grow
90°夏至
xiàzhì
夏至
geshi
하지 (夏至)
haji
Hạ chíJun 21summer solsticelit. summer extreme (of sun's height)
105°小暑
xiǎoshu
小暑
shōsho
소서 (小暑)
soseo
Tiểu th?Jul 7minor heat 
120°大暑
dàshu
大暑
taisho
대서 (大暑)
daeseo
Đại th?Jul 23major heat 
135°立秋
lìqiu
立秋
risshu
입추 (立秋)
ipchu
Lập thuAug 7start of autumn 
150°處暑 (处暑)
chǔshu
処暑
shosho
처서 (處暑)
cheoseo
Xử th?Aug 23limit of heatlit. dwell in heat
165°白露
báilù
白露
hakuro
백로 (白露)
baekro
Bạch l?Sep 8white dewcondensed moisture makes dew white
180°秋分
qiūfēn
秋分
shūbun
추분 (秋分)
chubun
Thu phânSep 23autumnal equinoxlit. autumn division (or center)
195°寒露
hánlù
寒露
kanro
한로 (寒露)
hallo
Hàn l?Oct 8cold dew 
210°霜降
shuāngjiàng
霜降
sōko
상강 (霜降)
sanggang
Sương giángOct 23frost descentappearance of frost and descent of temperature
225°立冬
lìdōng
立冬
ritto
입동 (立冬)
ipdong
Lập đôngNov 7start of winter 
240°小雪
xiǎoxue
小雪
shōsetsu
소설 (小雪)
soseol
Tiểu tuyếtNov 22minor snow 
255°大雪
dàxue
大雪
taisetsu
대설 (大雪)
daeseol
Đại tuyếtDec 7major snow 
270°冬至
dōngzhì
冬至
tōji
동지 (冬至)
dongji
Đông chíDec 22winter solsticelit. winter extreme (of sun's height)
285°小寒
xiǎohán
小寒
shōkan
소한 (小寒)
sohan
Tiểu hànJan 6minor cold 
300°大寒
dàhán
大寒
daikan
대한 (大寒)
daehan
Đại hànJan 20major cold 
  1. Simplified Chinese characters are shown in parentheses if they differ from the Traditional Chinese characters.
  2. Hanja is indicated in parentheses.
  3. Date can vary within a ±1 day range.

Regional note

In Japan, the term Setsubun (節分) originally referred to the eves of Risshun (立春, 315°, the beginning of Spring) Rikka (立夏, 45°, the beginning of Summer), Risshū (立秋, 135°, the beginning of Autumn), and Rittō (立冬, 225°, the beginning of Winter), but currently mostly refers to the day before Risshun. The name of each solar term also refers to the period of time between that day and the next solar term, or 1/24th of a year.

See also

External link

Traditional Chinese
Child systems Simplified Chinese
Chữ Nôm
Sister systems Hanja, Kanji

ISO 15924 Hant

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
..... Click the link for more information.
Simplified Chinese

Sister systems Kanji, Chữ Nôm

ISO 15924 Hans

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
..... Click the link for more information.
This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.


Standard Mandarin, also known as Modern Standard Chinese
..... Click the link for more information.
  • **
Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音
..... Click the link for more information.
Wade-Giles /ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz/ (Simplified Chinese: 威妥玛拼音 or 韦氏拼音
..... Click the link for more information.
Min (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Mǐn fāngyán; POJ: Bân hong-giân; BUC: Mìng huŏng-ngiòng) is a general term for a group of dialects of the Chinese language spoken in the southeastern Chinese
..... Click the link for more information.
Min Nan, Minnan, or Min-nan (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: 閩南語; Pinyin: Mǐnnányǔ
..... Click the link for more information.
Cantonese or Yue (粵語) is a major Chinese dialect group or language, a member of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. The exact number of Cantonese speakers is unknown due to a lack of statistics and census data.
..... Click the link for more information.
This page contains Chinese text.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.


Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin
..... Click the link for more information.
Origins
Traditional Chinese
Variant characters
Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese (2nd-round)
Traditional/Simplified (debate)
Kanji
- Man'yōgana
Hanja
- Idu
Han Tu
- Chữ Nm

..... Click the link for more information.
Hiragana

Sister systems katakana, hentaigana
Unicode range U+3040-U+309F
ISO 15924 Hira

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Hepburn romanization system (ヘボン式ローマ字
..... Click the link for more information.
Hangul (한글) or Chosŏn'gŭl (조선글) [2]

ISO 15924 Hang

Note
..... Click the link for more information.
Origins
Traditional Chinese
Variant characters
Simplified Chinese
Simplified Chinese (2nd-round)
Traditional/Simplified (debate)
Kanji
- Man'yōgana
Hanja
- Idu
Han Tu
- Chữ Nm

..... Click the link for more information.
The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. It is the official South Korean replacement for the 1984 McCune-Reischauer–based romanization system.
..... Click the link for more information.
McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters, in collating order:


A Ă Ã‚ B C D Đ E Ê G H I K L M N O Ô Ơ P Q R S T U Ư V X Y
..... Click the link for more information.
Lìchūn (pīnyīn) or Risshun (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 立春; Japanese: 立春; Korean: 입춘
..... Click the link for more information.
Yǔshuǐ (pīnyīn) or Usui (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 雨水; Japanese: 雨水; Korean: 우수
..... Click the link for more information.
Jīngzhé (pīnyīn) or Keichitsu (rōmaji) (Traditional Chinese: 驚蟄; Simplified Chinese: 惊蛰
..... Click the link for more information.
Chūnfēn (pīnyīn) or Shunbun (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 春分; Japanese: 春分; Korean: 춘분
..... Click the link for more information.
Qīngmíng (pīnyīn) or Seimei (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 清明; Japanese: 清明; Korean: 청명
..... Click the link for more information.
Gǔyù (pīnyīn) or more commonly pronounced as Gǔyǔ, or Kokuu (rōmaji) (Traditional Chinese: 穀雨; Simplified Chinese:
..... Click the link for more information.
Lìxià (pīnyīn) or Rikka (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 立夏; Japanese: 立夏; Korean: 입하
..... Click the link for more information.
Xiǎomǎn (pīnyīn) or Shōman (rōmaji) (Traditional Chinese: 小滿; Simplified Chinese: 小满
..... Click the link for more information.
Mángzhǒng (pīnyīn) or more commonly pronounced as Mángzhòng, or Bōshu (rōmaji) (Traditional Chinese: 芒種; Simplified Chinese:
..... Click the link for more information.
Xiàzhì (pīnyīn) or Geshi (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 夏至; Japanese: 夏至; Korean: 하지
..... Click the link for more information.
Xiǎoshǔ (pīnyīn) or Shōsho (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 小暑; Japanese: 小暑; Korean: 소서
..... Click the link for more information.
Dàshǔ (pīnyīn) or Taisho (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 大暑; Japanese: 大暑; Korean: 대서
..... Click the link for more information.
Lìqiū (pīnyīn) or Risshū (rōmaji) (Chinese and Japanese: 立秋; Japanese: 立秋; Korean: 입추
..... Click the link for more information.

This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.