Table of keyboard shortcuts
Information about Table of keyboard shortcuts
Desktop shortcuts
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in modern desktop environments: Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, KDE and GNOME. These are shortcuts used to interact with the desktop environment, and shortcuts commonly used in desktop applications. The Cmd key listed below for Mac OS systems is the Command ⌘ (key on the right & left of space) key.Common
Shortcuts common to most applications.| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File menu | Alt+F | Alt+F | Alt+F | |
| Edit menu | Alt+E | Alt+E | Alt+E | |
| View menu | Alt+V | Alt+V | Alt+V | |
| Undo the last operation | Ctrl+Z | ⌘ Cmd+Z | Ctrl+Z | Ctrl+Z |
| Redo the last operation | Ctrl+Y | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+Z | ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z | ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z |
| Cut the selected area and store it in the clipboard | Ctrl+X, ⇧ Shift+Del | ⌘ Cmd+X | Ctrl+X | Ctrl+X |
| Copy the selected area into the clipboard | Ctrl+C, or Ctrl+Ins | ⌘ Cmd+C | Ctrl+C | Ctrl+C |
| Paste contents of clipboard at cursor | Ctrl+V, or ⇧ Shift+Ins | ⌘ Cmd+V | Ctrl+V | Ctrl+V |
| Select everything in focused control or window | Ctrl+A | ⌘ Cmd+A | Ctrl+A | Ctrl+A |
| Delete selection | Del | Backspace (Delete) | Del | Del |
| Display the selected object's properties/information window. | Alt+Enter | ⌘ Cmd+I | Alt+Enter | |
| Show help | F1 | F1, ⌘ Cmd+? | F1 | F1 |
Documents
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Create a new document | Ctrl+N | ⌘ Cmd+N | Ctrl+N | Ctrl+N |
| Open a document | Ctrl+O | ⌘ Cmd+O | Ctrl+O | Ctrl+O |
| Save the current document | Ctrl+S | ⌘ Cmd+S | Ctrl+S | Ctrl+S |
| Print the current document | Ctrl+P | ⌘ Cmd+P | Ctrl+P | Ctrl+P |
| Close the current document | varies [1] | ⌘ Cmd+W | Ctrl+W | Ctrl+W |
| Zoom in on the document | Ctrl+Click Wheel (Scroll) | ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+Key (⌘ Cmd++),⌘ Cmd+Key | Ctrl++ | Ctrl++ |
| Zoom out of the document | Ctrl+Click Wheel (Scroll) | ⌘ Cmd+- | Ctrl+- | Ctrl+- |
| Reload the current document, updating content from source if necessary | F5, Ctrl+R | ⌘ Cmd+R | F5 | Ctrl+R |
Text editing
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| previous word | Ctrl+← | ⌥ Opt+← | ||
| next word | Ctrl+→ | ⌥ Opt+→ | ||
| previous line break | Ctrl+↑ | ⌥ Opt+↑ | ||
| next line break | Ctrl+↓ | ⌥ Opt+↓ | ||
| selecting next word | ⇧ Shift + Ctrl + → | ⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + → | ||
| selecting previous word | ⇧ Shift + Ctrl + ← | ⇧ Shift + ⌥ Opt + ← |
Search
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Find matches in the current document, highlighting them in-place | Ctrl+F | ⌘ Cmd+F | Ctrl+F | Ctrl+F |
| Incremental find | / (slash) [2] | |||
| Search for matches in multiple documents, files or other external sources | ❖ Win+F (opens windows search), ❖ Win (Vista only, opens Start menu with Start Search box focused) | ⌘ Cmd+ Space (Spotlight) | Ctrl+F | |
| Find the next match | F3 | ⌘ Cmd+G | Ctrl+G | Ctrl+G |
| Find and replace matches | Ctrl+H | ⌘ Cmd+F [3] | Ctrl+R | Ctrl+H |
Web browsers
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bookmarks menu | Alt+B | Cmd+Opt+B | Alt+B | Alt+B |
| Add a bookmark for the current location | Ctrl+D | Cmd+D | Ctrl+B | Ctrl+D |
| Manage bookmarks | Ctrl+B | Cmd+Opt+B (Safari) | Ctrl+B | |
| Reload page from cache | F5 | Cmd+R | Ctrl+R | |
| Reload page bypassing cache | Ctrl+F5 | Ctrl+Shift+Cmd+R |
Go menu
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Go to Browser | Cmd+L | |||
| Go to the previous location in history | Alt+← or Backspace | Alt+← |Alt+← | !Go to the next location in history |Alt+→ |Cmd+] or Cmd+→ | Alt+→ | Alt+→ |
| Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy | Backspace | Alt+↑ | Alt+↑ | Alt+↑ |
| Go to the starting page defined by the user or application | Cmd+Home | Ctrl+Home | Alt+Home |
Text formatting
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Make selected text bold/regular | Ctrl+B | Cmd+B | Ctrl+B | Ctrl+B |
| Toggle underlining of selected text | Ctrl+U | Cmd+U | Ctrl+U | Ctrl+U |
| Make selected text italic/regular | Ctrl+I | Cmd+I | Ctrl+I | Ctrl+I |
| Change to upper/lower case | Shift+F3 |
Window management
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Switch focused window | Alt+Tab, Shift+Alt+Tab(reverse order) | Cmd+Tab,Shift+Cmd+Tab | Alt+Tab, Shift+Alt+Tab | Alt+Tab, Shift+Alt+Tab |
| Switch focus to the next or previous window (without dialog) | Alt+Esc, Alt+Shift+Esc | Ctrl+F4 | Alt+Esc, Alt+Shift+Esc | |
| Switch focus to the next or previous panel on the desktop | Ctrl+Alt+Tab, Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Tab | |||
| Switch focus to the next or previous panel (without dialog) | Alt+Esc, Alt+Shift+Esc | |||
| Pop up window menu | Alt+Space | Alt+F3 | Alt+Space | |
| Close the focused window | Alt+F4, Ctrl+F4, Alt+Space+C | Cmd+W | Alt+F4 | Alt+F4 |
| Restore the focused to its previous size | Alt+F4 | |||
| Move the focused window | Alt+Space+M+Arrow Keys | Alt+F7 | ||
| Resize the focused window | Alt+Space+S+Arrow Keys | Alt+F8 | ||
| Minimize the focused window | Alt+Space+N | Cmd+M | Win+- | Alt+F9 |
| Maximize the focused window | Alt+Space+X | Win++ | Alt+F10 | |
| Maximize horizontally | Win+Key | |||
| Maximize vertically | Win+Space | |||
| Minimize all | Win+M | Cmd+Alt+M | Ctrl+Alt+D | |
| Undo minimize all | Win+Shift+M | Ctrl+Alt+D | ||
| Switch fullscreen/normal size | F11 | F11 | ||
| Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar | Depends on application | Ctrl+Shift+F | Ctrl+F11 | |
| Rollup/down window | Cmd+M | Win+_ | Alt+F12 | |
| Move window to left/right/up/down workspace | Shift-Alt-Left/Right/Up/Down | |||
| Move window to desktop X | Win-Alt-FX | |||
| Switch to next/previous desktop | Fn-Right / Fn-Left (Leopard) | Win-Tab / Win-Shift-Tab | ||
| Switch to next/previous desktop list | Ctrl-Tab / Ctrl-Shift-Tab | |||
| Go to desktop X | Ctrl-(Shift)FX | |||
| Go to left/right/up/down desktop | Ctrl-Alt-Left/Right/Up/Down | |||
| Show / hide desktop | Win-D | F11 | Ctrl-Alt-D | Ctrl-Alt-D |
| Activate window demanding attention | Ctrl-Alt-A | |||
| Kill window | Alt-F4 or Ctrl-F4 varies <ref name="xpclose" /> | Cmd-Alt-Escape | Ctrl-Alt-Escape | |
| Close dialog | Esc | Esc |
Widget navigation
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control | Tab, Shift-Tab | Tab, Shift-Tab | Tab, Shift-Tab | |
| Pop up tooltip for currently-focused control | Shift-F1 | Ctrl-F1 | ||
| Show context-sensitive help for currently-focused window or control | Shift-F1 | Cmd-? | Shift-F1 | Shift-F1 |
| Give focus to next/previous pane | Ctrl-F6 or Alt-F6 | Cmd-` | F6, Shift-F6 | |
| Give focus to splitter bar in paned window | F8 | |||
| Give focus to window's menu bar | F10 | Ctrl-F2 | Alt | F10 |
| Pop up contextual menu for currently-selected objects | Shift-F10, Menu | Menu | Shift-F10 | |
| Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button | Space | Space | Space | Space |
| Activate focused button, menu item etc. | Enter | Enter/Return | Enter/Return | Enter/Return |
| Select/move to first item in selected widget | Home, End | Home, End | ||
| Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right | PageUp, Ctrl-PageUp, PageDown, Ctrl-PageDown |
Tab management
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Create new tab | Ctrl-T | Cmd-T | Ctrl-Shift-N / Ctrl-T | Ctrl-T |
| Go to next/previous tab | Ctrl-Tab, Ctrl-Shift-Tab | Cmd-{ or Cmd-Shift-Left, Cmd-} or Cmd-Shift-Right (Safari) | Ctrl-,/Ctrl-. | Ctrl-PageUp/PageDown |
Desktop navigation
| Action | Windows XP/Windows Vista | Mac OS | KDE | GNOME |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Run new application | Win-R | Alt-F2 | Alt-F2 | |
| Open new browser window with same page as current | Ctrl-N | Cmd-N (Non-default user option in Safari) | ||
| Start menu / Applications menu | Win, Ctrl-Esc | Cmd-Shift-A | Alt-F1 | Alt-F1 |
| Copy a screenshot to clipboard | Ctrl-Print Screen | Cmd-Ctrl-Shift-3 (Cmd-Shift-3 to create as a file on the desktop) | Ctrl-Print | |
| Copy a screenshot of window to clipboard | Alt-Print Screen | Cmd-Ctrl-Shift-4 then Space (Cmd-Shift-4 to create as a file on the desktop) | Alt-Print | Alt-Print |
| Lock desktop | Win-L | Ctrl-Alt-L | Ctrl-Alt-L | |
| Show desktop | Win-D | F11 | Ctrl-Alt-D | Ctrl-Alt-D |
| Switch active user | Win-L [4] | Ctrl-Alt-L | ||
| Task manager | Ctrl-Shift-Esc, Ctrl-Alt-Del [5] | Cmd-Opt-Esc | Ctrl-Esc | |
| Rename file | F2 | Enter | F2 | F2 |
Command line shortcuts
Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.| Action | Windows (Cmd.exe) | Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (bash) |
|---|---|---|
| Scroll through History of typed commands | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ |
| Signal end-of-file | Ctrl+Z | Ctrl+D |
| Signal break | Ctrl+C | Ctrl+C |
| Erase word to the left | Ctrl+W | |
| Erase line to the left | Esc | Ctrl+U |
| Erase line to the right | Esc | Ctrl+K |
| Move to beginning of line | Home | Ctrl+A |
| Move to end of line | End | Ctrl+E |
| Reverse search of history | F7 | Ctrl+R |
| Send current job to the background | Ctrl+Z | |
| Autocomplete command/file name | Tab ⇆ (if enabled eg. via TweakUI) | Tab ⇆ (usually twice) |
| Shutdown | Shutdown -S | shutdown |
| Restart | Shutdown -R | shutdown -r |
| Shutdown remote computer | Shutdown -S -M \\computername |
Notes
1. ^ There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 closes a document and Alt+F4 quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, Ctrl+W, Ctrl+F4, and Alt+F4 close a document, and there is no consistent shotcut for quitting an application.
2. ^ To find text inside a web page in Konqueror, enter slash (/) followed by text. To find links, enter single quote (') followed by text. Find next with F3.
3. ^ OS X applications often use a single dialog for both find and replace.
4. ^ Takes you to the Switch User-screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
5. ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager. Same with Vista, but with a prettier menu.
2. ^ To find text inside a web page in Konqueror, enter slash (/) followed by text. To find links, enter single quote (') followed by text. Find next with F3.
3. ^ OS X applications often use a single dialog for both find and replace.
4. ^ Takes you to the Switch User-screen when Fast User Switching has been enabled (enabled by default in XP).
5. ^ Shows task manager in Windows XP if the welcome screen is enabled. Otherwise displays an NT-style menu, with the option of launching the task manager. Same with Vista, but with a prettier menu.
See also
- Web browser shortcuts
- Mozilla keyboard assignment map
- Linux keyboard shortcuts
- Large searchable database of keyboard shortcuts at Keyxl.com
- Computer keyboard
- Keyboard shortcut
In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE, sometimes desktop manager) offers a graphical user interface (GUI) to the computer. The name is derived from the desktop metaphor used by most of these interfaces, as opposed to the earlier, textual command line
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE, sometimes desktop manager) offers a graphical user interface (GUI) to the computer. The name is derived from the desktop metaphor used by most of these interfaces, as opposed to the earlier, textual command line
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Microsoft Windows
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate, the latest version of Microsoft Windows.
Company/developer: Microsoft Corporation
OS family: MS-DOS/9x-based, Windows CE, Windows NT
Source model: Closed source
..... Click the link for more information.
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate, the latest version of Microsoft Windows.
Company/developer: Microsoft Corporation
OS family: MS-DOS/9x-based, Windows CE, Windows NT
Source model: Closed source
..... Click the link for more information.
This article relates to both the original "Classic" Mac OS as well as Mac OS X, Apple's more recent operating system. See the Mac OS X article for information directly relating to this current Macintosh operating system.
..... Click the link for more information.
Maintainer: The KDE Team
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
gnome is a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean free lifestyle.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows XP
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows Vista
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
This article relates to both the original "Classic" Mac OS as well as Mac OS X, Apple's more recent operating system. See the Mac OS X article for information directly relating to this current Macintosh operating system.
..... Click the link for more information.
Maintainer: The KDE Team
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
gnome is a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean free lifestyle.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
- For Wikipedia's "undo" function, see .
Undo is a command in most creative programs. It erases the last change done to the document reverting it back to an older state.
..... Click the link for more information.
- For Wikipedia's "undo" function, see .
Undo is a command in most creative programs. It erases the last change done to the document reverting it back to an older state.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Insert key (often abbreviated INS) is a key commonly found on computer keyboards.
It is primarily used to switch between the two text-entering modes on a personal computer or word processor.
..... Click the link for more information.
It is primarily used to switch between the two text-entering modes on a personal computer or word processor.
..... Click the link for more information.
cursor is an indicator used to show the position on a computer monitor or other display device that will respond to input.
In most command line interfaces, the cursor is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where
..... Click the link for more information.
In most command line interfaces, the cursor is an underscore, a solid rectangle, or a vertical line, which may be flashing or steady, indicating where
..... Click the link for more information.
Online Help is topic, procedural or reference information delivered through computer software. It is a form of User Assistance. Most Help is designed to give assistance in the use of a software application or operating system, but can also be used to present information on a broad
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows XP
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows Vista
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
This article relates to both the original "Classic" Mac OS as well as Mac OS X, Apple's more recent operating system. See the Mac OS X article for information directly relating to this current Macintosh operating system.
..... Click the link for more information.
Maintainer: The KDE Team
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
gnome is a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean free lifestyle.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows XP
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows Vista
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
This article relates to both the original "Classic" Mac OS as well as Mac OS X, Apple's more recent operating system. See the Mac OS X article for information directly relating to this current Macintosh operating system.
..... Click the link for more information.
Maintainer: The KDE Team
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
OS: Cross-platform
Available language(s): Multilingual (80 different languages.)
Use: Desktop environment
License: GNU General Public License and others
Website: [1] KDE (
..... Click the link for more information.
gnome is a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean free lifestyle.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus.
..... Click the link for more information.
The Option key, known to PC users as AltGr or Alt key, is a modifier key present on Apple Keyboards. It is located between the Control key and Command key on a standard Macintosh keyboard.
..... Click the link for more information.
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows XP
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows XP Service Pack 2
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows XP: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
Windows Vista
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
(Part of the Microsoft Windows family)
Screenshot
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate
Developer
Microsoft
Web site: Windows Vista: Homepage
Release information
Release date:
..... Click the link for more information.
This article relates to both the original "Classic" Mac OS as well as Mac OS X, Apple's more recent operating system. See the Mac OS X article for information directly relating to this current Macintosh operating system.
..... Click the link for more information.
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.