In Greek mythology, Tethys (Greek Τηθύς), daughter of Uranus and Gaia (Hesiod, Theogony lines 136, 337 and Bibliotheke 1.2) was a Titaness and sea goddess who was both sister and wife of Oceanus.[1] She was mother of the chief rivers of the world known to the Greeks, such as the Nile, the Alpheus, the Maeander, and about three thousand daughters called the Oceanids.[2] Considered as an embodiment of the waters of the world she may be seen as a counterpart of Thalassa, embodiment of the sea.
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Tethys plays virtually no part in Greek literary texts or Greek religion and cult. Walter Burkert[3] notes the presence of Tethys in the episode of Iliad XIV that the Ancients called the "Deception of Zeus", where Hera, to mislead Zeus, says she wants to go to Oceanus, "origin of the gods" and Tethys "the mother". Burkert[4] sees in the name a transformation of Akkadian tiamtu or tâmtu, "the sea", which is recognizable in Tiamat. One of the few representations of Tethys that is securely identified by an accompanying inscription is the Late Antique (fourth century CE) mosaic from the flooring of a thermae at Antioch, now at Dumbarton Oaks, Washington DC.[5] In the Dumbarton Oaks mosaic the bust of Tethys, surrounded by fishes, is rising bare-shouldered from the waters; against her shoulder rests a golden ship's rudder. Gray wings sprout from her forehead, as in the mosaics illustrated above and below.
During the war against the Titans, Tethys raised Rhea as her god-child, but she had no active cults in historic times.
Tethys has sometimes been confused[6] with the sea-nymph Thetis, the wife of Peleus and mother of Achilles.
Hera was not pleased with the placement of Callisto and Arcas in the sky, as the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, so she asked her nurse, Tethys, to help. Tethys, a marine goddess, caused the constellations to forever circle the sky and never drop below the horizon, hence explaining why they are circumpolar.
Tethys, a moon of the planet Saturn, and the prehistoric Tethys Ocean are named after this goddess.
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Tethys in a Roman mosaic from Antioch (House of the Calendar) made in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D.
Consorts/Children
- With Oceanus (See Oceanids for a more complete list)
- Achelous
- Acheron
- Alpheus
- Amaltheia
- Amphitrite
- Asia
- Asopus
- Callirhoe
- Catillus
- Cebren
- Cephissus
- Circe
- Clitunno (Roman mythology)
- Clymene
- Crinisus
- Dione
- Doris
- Electra
- Enipeus
- Eurynome
- Inachus
- Lysithea
- Melia
- Meliboea
- Merope
- Metis
- Nilus
- Peneus
- Perse
- Pleione
- Rhode
- Scamander
- Styx
- Telesto
- Tiberinus (Roman mythology)
- Tibertus (Roman mythology)
- Tyche
- Volturnus (Roman mythology)
Notes
1. ^ Tethys and Oceanus appear as a pair in Callimachus, Hymn 4.17, and in Apollonius, Argonautica 3.244. In Catullus 88, not even Tethys and Oceanus can wash away Gellius' stain of incest: "o Gelli, quantum non ultima Tethys/ nec genitor Nympharum abluit Oceanus." S. J. Harrison, in "Mythological Incest: Catullus 88" The Classical Quarterly New Series, 46.2 (1996), pp. 581-582, points out the irony of Catullus' allusion to the sibling couple.
2. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 337-70 gives an extensive list of their progeny, reflected in the list appended above.
3. ^ Burkert 1992:92 states that "Tethys is in no way an active figure in Greek mythology".
4. ^ Burkert 1992:93.
5. ^ Sara M. Wages, "A Note on the Dumbarton Oaks 'Tethys Mosaic'"Dumbarton Oaks Papers 40 (1986), pp. 119-128. Wages notes a sixth-century Attic vase painted by Sophilos at the British Museum, where Tethys is identified among the guests at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. She appends a list of other similar, though uninscribed images from the Greek east as far as Armenia, that can be taken for Tethys.
6. ^ Even in Antiquity (Burkert 1992:92)
2. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 337-70 gives an extensive list of their progeny, reflected in the list appended above.
3. ^ Burkert 1992:92 states that "Tethys is in no way an active figure in Greek mythology".
4. ^ Burkert 1992:93.
5. ^ Sara M. Wages, "A Note on the Dumbarton Oaks 'Tethys Mosaic'"Dumbarton Oaks Papers 40 (1986), pp. 119-128. Wages notes a sixth-century Attic vase painted by Sophilos at the British Museum, where Tethys is identified among the guests at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis. She appends a list of other similar, though uninscribed images from the Greek east as far as Armenia, that can be taken for Tethys.
6. ^ Even in Antiquity (Burkert 1992:92)
References
- Burkert, Walter The Orientalizing Revcolution: Near Eastern Influence on greek Culture in the Early archaic Age (Harvard University Press) 1992, pp 91-93.
- Theoi.com: Tethys
| Greek deities series | |
|---|---|
| Primordial deities | Titans | Aquatic deities | Chthonic deities | |
| Titans | |
| Titanes: Oceanus | Hyperion | Coeus | Cronus | Crius | Iapetus Titanides: Tethys | Theia | Phoebe | Rhea | Mnemosyne | Themis Sons of Iapetus: Atlas | Prometheus | Epimetheus | Menoetius | |
| Aquatic deities | |
| Poseidon | Oceanus | Ceto | Nereus | Glaucus | Thetis | Amphitrite Tethys | Triton | Proteus | Phorcys | Pontus | Oceanids | Nereids | Naiads | |
Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.
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Uranus (IPA: /ˈjʊərənəs, jʊˈreɪnəs/) is the Latinized form of Ouranos (Οὐρανός
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For other uses, see Gaia.
Gaia (pronounced /'geɪ.ə/ or /'gaɪ.
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Hesiod (Greek: Ἡσίοδος Hesiodos) was an early Greek poet and rhapsode, who presumably lived around 700 BC.
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Theogony (Greek: Θεογονία, theogonia = the birth of God(s)) is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies of the gods of the ancient Greeks, composed circa 700 BC.
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The Bibliotheca (in English: Library), in three books, provides a grand summary of traditional Greek mythology and heroic legends. The only work of its kind to survive from classical antiquity, the Bibliotheca
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Titans (Greek: Τιτάν Titan; plural: Τιτάνες Titanes
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Oceanus (Greek Ωκεανός, Okeanos) was believed to be the world-ocean in classical antiquity, which the ancient Romans and Greeks considered to be an enormous river encircling the world.
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Origin Africa
Mouth Mediterranean Sea
Basin countries Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, DR Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Egypt
Length 6,650 km (4,132 mi)
Source elevation 1,134 m (3,721 ft)
Avg.
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Mouth Mediterranean Sea
Basin countries Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, DR Congo, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, Egypt
Length 6,650 km (4,132 mi)
Source elevation 1,134 m (3,721 ft)
Avg.
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Alpheus, or (Greek: Αλφειός, meaning whitish, also romanized as Alfeiós, Alpheios or Alfiós) is a river (present Alfeios River) and river-god.
Like most river-gods, he is a son of Oceanus and Tethys.
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Like most river-gods, he is a son of Oceanus and Tethys.
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The Büyük Menderes River (historically the Maeander also spelled "Meander"); Turkish: Büyük Menderes Nehri, Greek: Μαίανδρος) is a river in southwestern Turkey.
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- In Greek mythology, Thalassa ("sea") was a primordial sea goddess.
- Thalassa is a moon of the planet Neptune.
- Thalassa is a fictional planet, a waterworld in Arthur C. Clarke's novel Songs of Distant Earth.
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Greek religion can refer to several things, including
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- Religion in ancient Greece
- Hellenistic religion
- Platonic idealism
- Greek Orthodox Church
- Hellenic polytheism
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Walter Burkert (born Neuendettelsau, Bavaria, February 2, 1931), a scholar of Greek mythology and cult, is an emeritus professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, and also has taught in the United Kingdom and the United States.
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iLiad is an electronic handheld device, or e-book device, which can be used for document reading and editing. Like the Sony Reader, the iLiad makes use of an electronic paper display.
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Description
Main specifications:- an 8.1-inch (20.
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Dios apate (the "Deception of Zeus") stands apart from the remainder of Book XIV. In this episode (Iliad book 14 lines 153-353) Hera first makes an excuse to leave her divine husband Zeus; in her deception speech she declares that she wishes to go to Oceanus
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Oceanus (Greek Ωκεανός, Okeanos) was believed to be the world-ocean in classical antiquity, which the ancient Romans and Greeks considered to be an enormous river encircling the world.
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In Babylonian mythology, Tiamat is the sea, personified as a goddess,[1] and a monstrous embodiment of primordial chaos.[2] In the Enûma Elish
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balnea or thermae were the words the ancient Romans used for the buildings housing their public baths.
Most Roman cities had at least one, if not many, such buildings, which were centers of public bathing and socialization.
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Most Roman cities had at least one, if not many, such buildings, which were centers of public bathing and socialization.
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Dumbarton Oaks is a 19th century Federal-style mansion with famous gardens in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. It currently houses the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection
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Titanomachy, or War of the Titans (Greek: Τιτανομαχία), was the eleven-year series of battles fought between the two races of deities long before the existence of mankind: the Titans,
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Rhea (ancient Greek Ῥέα) was the Titaness daughter of Uranus, the sky, and Gaia, the earth, in classical Greek mythology.
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Thetis (ancient Greek Θέτις) is a sea nymph, one of the fifty Nereids, daughters of "the ancient one of the seas," Nereus, and Doris (Hesiod, Theogony), a grand-daughter of Tethys.
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Pēleús (Greek: Πηλεύς) was the son of Endeïs and Aeacus, King of Aegina, and father of Achilles. He and his brother Telamon were friends with Heracles, serving in his expedition against the Amazons and his war against King Laomedon.
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Achilles (also Akhilleus or Achilleus; Ancient Greek: Άχιλλεύς) was a hero of the Trojan War, the central character and greatest warrior of Homer's Iliad
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In the Olympian pantheon of classical Greek Mythology, Hera, (Greek Ήρα, IPA pronunciation [ˈhiːrə]; or Here (
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Callisto ("most beautiful") was a nymph of Artemis.
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Myth
As a follower of Artemis, Callisto, whom Hesiod said[1] was the daughter of Lycaon, king of Arcadia, took a vow to remain a virgin, as did all the nymphs of Artemis...... Click the link for more information.
Arcas is the son of the god Zeus (the god of thunder and the lord over all gods) and Callisto (The goddess of the Great Bear, also known as Ursa Major).
Callisto was a deity of the goddess Artemis.
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Callisto was a deity of the goddess Artemis.
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constellation of Orion is the area outlined in the dashed yellow line. Orion contains a striking and well-known star pattern that has the form of a hunter.]] A constellation is any one of the 88 areas into which the sky — or the celestial sphere — is divided.
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