Calendars  •  • [ e]
Common use	Chinese Islamic Gregorian ISO Astro Julian
	Calendar Types
	Lunisolar Solar Lunar
Selected usage	Armenian Bah' Bengali Berber Buddhist Coptic Ethiopian Germanic Hebrew Hindu Indian Iranian Irish Japanese Javanese Malayalam Maya Nanakshahi Nepali Nepal Sambat Tamil Thai: Lunar – Solar Tibetan Vietnamese Zoroastrian
	Calendar Types
	Original Julian Runic

The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (Thai: สุริยคติ), has been the official and prevalent calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King Chulalongkorn in 1888, although the Western calendar year is sometimes used in business, and quite often in banking.

Thai calendars show both the Buddhist Era (BE, Thai: พุทธศักราช Phuttasakarat), abbreviated Pho So (Thai: พ.ศ.); and the Christian Era (Thai: คริสต์ศักราช, kritsakarat) , abbreviated Kho So (Thai: ค.ศ.). They also show Chinese numerals for the Common Era and Chinese Lunar dates. As lunar dates determine Buddhist Sabbaths (Thai: วันพระ Wan Phra), as well as many Chinese traditional festivals, both lunar calendar and Chinese lunar dates are shown.

• Wan Pra are marked with a Buddha image, and Chinese holidays with red Chinese characters.
• Scrawled blue figures (in this example 078 on the 15th and, above left, 538 on the 19th and 2576 on the 31st) mark dates national lottery numbers were drawn.
• Lunar dates and the year's Animal are recorded on Thai birth certificates after the official date. The Thai reckon their ages by the Twelve-Animal sequence, though the official calendar determines age at law; as, for instance, the Queen's Birthday, August 12, a public holiday also celebrated as Thai Mothers' Day.

The months and days of the week are the same as those used in the western Gregorian calendar. Names of the months derive from Hindu names of the signs of the zodiac. Days of the week are named after the Sun and Moon, and translations of the names of the five classical planets. The year is counted from the Buddhist Era (B.E.), which is 543 years earlier than the Christian Era (A.D.). For example, A.D. 2007 is equivalent to 2550 B.E. The era is based on the passing away (Parinibbana) of Gautama Buddha, which is dated to 543 BC by the Thai (although some sources state that Buddha died in 483 BC). It is important to remember that only from January 1, 1941 onwards does this 543 addition/subtraction rule work perfectly — see below.

The calendar,decreed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V), was called Ratana Kosindra Sok (Thai: รัตนโกสินทรศก), and was nearly identical with the western Gregorian calendar. Year counting, however, was in reference of the date of the founding of Bangkok (Ratana Kosindra), April 6 1782 (the first day of Year 1 Ratana Kosindra Era (Thai: รัตนโกสินทร์ศักราช), abbr. (Thai: ร.ศ.) ro so). King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) changed the year counting to Buddhist Era in 1912 and fixed the start of a year to April 1.

In 1941 (2484 B.E.) as World War II loomed on the horizon, Prime Minister Phibunsongkhram per decree made January 1 the official start of a new year (so year 2483 B.E. had only nine months). When converting a date prior to that year, check whether it falls between January 1 and March 31: if so the number to add or subtract is 542, not 543.



Today, both the Common-Era New Year's Day (January 1) and the traditional Songkran (Thai: สงกรานต์) celebrations (April 13-15) are public holidays on the official calendar. Public holidays on the official calendar for Buddhist and Chinese feasts are still calculated according to the lunar calendar, so their dates change with respect to the solar calendar every year.

Thirty-day-month names end with Thai: -ยน -yon, which is from the Sanskrit root -ayana, meaning the arrival of; 31-day-month names with Thai: -คม -khom, which is from Sanskrit -agama which also means the arrival of. February's name ends with Thai: -พันธ์, fettered or bound. The day added to February in a solar leap year is named Athikasuratin Thai: อธิกสุรทิน; respelled to aid pronunciation Thai: อะทิกะสุระทิน.[1]

Months

English name	Thai Name	Abbr.	Transcription	Zodiac Sign
January	มกราคม	ม.ค.	makarakhom	Capricorn
February	กุมภาพันธ์	ก.พ.	kumphaphan	Aquarius
March	มีนาคม	มี.ค.	minakhom	Pisces
April	เมษายน	เม.ย.	mesayon	Aries
May	พฤษภาคม	พ.ค.	pruetsaphakhom	Taurus
June	มิถุนายน	มี.ย.	mithunayon	Gemini
July	กรกฎาคม	ก.ค.	karakadakhom	Cancer
August	สิงหาคม	ส.ค.	singhakhom	Leo
September	กันยายน	ก.ย.	kanyayon	Virgo
October	ตุลาคม	ต.ค.	tulakhom	Libra
November	พฤศจิกายน	พ.ย.	pruetsachikayon	Scorpio
December	ธันวาคม	ธ.ค.	thanwakhom	Sagittarius

Weekdays

English name	Thai name	Transcription	Planet
Sunday	วันอาทิตย์	wan athit	Sun
Monday	วันจันทร์	wan chan	Moon
Tuesday	วันอังคาร	wan angkhan	Mars
Wednesday	วันพุธ	wan phut	Mercury
Thursday	วันพฤหัสบดี	wan pharuehat(sabodi)	Jupiter
Friday	วันศุกร์	wan suk	Venus
Saturday	วันเสาร์	wan sao	Saturn

Note: The colours are the traditional Thai birthday colours associated with the days of the week: red, yellow, pink, green, orange, blue and purple.

See also

• Buddhist calendar
• Public holidays in Thailand

References

• นายเปลื้อง ณ นคร ผู้รวบรวม ปทานุกรมนักเรียน ไทยวัฒนาพานิช กทม. Mr. Bleung na Nakorn, Compiler, Student's Handbook, Thai Wattana Panit, Bangkok 2514
• Thai calendar for August 2004
• Sethaputra, So. New Model English - Thai Dictionary, ISBN 974-08-3253-9
• Web dictionary Thai-English English-Thai
• J.C. Eade. The calendrical systems of mainland south-east Asia. ISBN 90-04-10437-2

External link

• Thai Time by Anthony Diller