The Tell-Tale Heart
Information about The Tell-Tale Heart
) Illustration by Harry Clarke, 1919. | |
| Author | Edgar Allan Poe |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Horror short story |
| Publisher | The Pioneer |
| Publication date | January 1843 |
| Media type | Print (periodical) |
"The Tell-Tale Heart" is an 1843 short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It follows an unnamed narrator who insists on his sanity despite his murder of an old man with a vulture eye. The murder is carefully calculated and the murderer hides the body by cutting it into pieces and hiding it under the floorboards. Ultimately, the narrator's guilt manifests itself in the hallucination that the man's heart is still beating under the floorboards.
It is unclear what relationship, if any, the old man and his murderer share. It has been suggested that the old man is a father figure or, perhaps, that his vulture eye represents some sort of veiled secret. The ambiguity and lack of details about the two main characters stands in stark contrast to the specific plot details leading up to the murder.
The story was first published in James Russell Lowell's The Pioneer in January 1843. Widely considered a classic of the Gothic fiction genre and one of Poe's most famous short stories, "The Tell-Tale Heart" has been adapted or served as an inspiration for a variety of media.
Plot summary
"The Tell-Tale Heart" is a first-person narrative of a genderless narrator who insists he is sane but suffering from a disease which causes "over-acuteness of the senses." The old man with whom he lives has a clouded, vulture-like eye which so distresses the narrator, he plots to murder the old man. The narrator insists that his careful precision in committing the murder show that he cannot possibly be insane. For seven nights, the narrator opens the door of the old man's room, a process which takes him a full hour. However, the old man's vulture eye is always closed, making it impossible to do the deed.On the eighth night, the old man awakens and sits up in his bed while the narrator performs his nightly ritual. The narrator does not draw back and, after some time, decides to open his lantern. A single ray shines out and lands precisely on the old man's eye, which is open. Thinking he hears the old man's heartbeat, beating loudly from terror, the narrator decides to strike, smothering the old man with his own bed. The narrator proceeds to chop the body up, and hide the pieces under the floorboards. The narrator makes certain to hide all signs of the crime. Even so, the old man's scream during the night cause a neighbor to call the police. The narrator invites the officers to look around, confident that they will not find any evidence of the murder. The narrator brings chairs for them and they sit in the old man's room, right on the very spot where the body was concealed, yet they suspect nothing.
The narrator, however, begins to hear a faint noise. As the noise grows louder, the narrator comes to the conclusion that it is the heartbeat of the old man coming from under the floorboards. The sound increases though the officers seem to pay no attention to it. Shocked by the constant beating of the heart and a feeling that the officers must be aware of the sound, the narrator confesses to killing the old man and tells them to tear up the floorboards to reveal the body.
Analysis
"The Tell-Tale Heart" starts in medias res, in the middle of an event. The opening is an in-progress conversation between the narrator and another person who is not identified in any way. It is speculated that the narrator is confessing to a prison warden, judge, newspaper reporter, doctor or psychiatrist.[1] Whoever it is, it sparks the narrator's need to explain himself in great detail.[2] The first word of the story, "True!," is an admission of his guilt.[3]One of the driving forces in this opening and throughout the story is not the narrator's insistence upon his innocence but on his sanity. His drive to convince, however, is self-destructive because he fully admits he is guilty of murder.[4] His denial of insanity is based on his systemic actions and precision - a rational explanation for irrational behavior (murder).[5] This rationality, however, is undermined by his lack of motivation ("Object there was none. Passion there was none."). Despite this, however, he says the idea of murder, "haunted me day and night."[6] The story's final scene, however, is a result of the narrator's feelings of guilt. Like many characters in the Gothic tradition, his nerves dictate his true nature. Despite his best efforts at defending himself, the narrator's "over acuteness of the senses," which help him hear the heart beating in the floorboards, is what convinces the reader that he is truly mad.[7] Readers during Poe's time would have been especially interested amidst the controversy over the insanity defense in the 1840s.[8]
It is unclear, however, if the narrator actually has very acute senses or if he is merely imagining things. If his condition is believed to be true, what he hears at the end of the story may not be the old man's heart but death watch beetles. The narrator first admits to hearing death watches in the wall after startling the old man from his sleep. According to superstition, death watches are a sign of impending death. One variety of death watch beetles raps its head against surfaces, presumably as part of a mating ritual, while others emit a ticking sound.[9]
The relationship between the old man and the narrator is ambiguous, as is their names, their occupations, or where they live. In fact, that ambiguity adds to the tale as an ironic counter to the strict attention to detail in the plot.[10] The narrator may be a servant of the old man's or, as is more often assumed, his son. In that case, the "vulture" eye of the old man is symbolizing parental surveillance and possibly the paternal principles of right and wrong. The murder of the eye, then, is a removal of conscience.[11] The eye may also represent secrecy, again playing on the ambiguous lack of detail about the man or the narrator. Only when the eye is finally found open on the final night, penetrating the veil of secrecy, that the murder is carried out.[12]
Former poet laureate Richard Wilbur has suggested that the tale is an allegorical representation of Poe's poem "To Science." The poem shows the struggle between imagination and science. In "The Tell-Tale Heart," the old man represents the scientific rational mind while the narrator is the imaginative.[13]
Publication history
"The Tell-Tale Heart" was first published in the Boston-based magazine The Pioneer in January 1843, edited by James Russell Lowell. Poe was likely paid only $10.[14] It was slightly revised when republished in the August 23, 1845 edition of the Broadway Journal. It was reprinted multiple times during Poe's lifetime.[15]Adaptations
- As of September 1, 2007, the Internet Movie Database has listed 21 adaptations.[16]
- An animated film version by UPA, read by James Mason, The Tell-Tale Heart (1953)[17], is included among the films preserved in the United States National Film Registry.
- The Tell-Tale Heart, 1960 version.[18]
- A reading of the story was performed by Winifred Phillips, with music composed by her, as part of the NPR "Tales by American Masters" series in 1998 and released on DH Audio.
- The Canadian radio program Nightfall presented an adaptation on August 1st, 1980.
Works inspired
Music- The great French harpist and composer Henriette Renié (1875-1956) wrote a Ballade Fantastique d'après «Le Coeur Révélateur» d'Edgard Poë for harp solo, which reflects the madness of the murderer. The haunting heart beat is one of the constructing elements.
- "The Tell-Tale Heart" is one of several songs inspired by Poe stories on the album Tales of Mystery and Imagination (original version 1976, CD remix 1987) by The Alan Parsons Project. It is sung by Arthur Brown.
- In 2003, Lou Reed released his concept album The Raven comprised of several works inspired by Poe, including the track "The Tell-Tale Heart."
- In Insane Clown Posse's 1995 album The Riddlebox, the track "Ol' Evil Eye" was inspired by this story.
- The song "Ride the Wings of Pestilence" by California-based post-hardcore band From First to Last shows similarities to "The Tell-Tale Heart". However, this has never been confirmed.
- An episode of The Simpsons ("Lisa's Rival" first aired September 11, 1994) featured a "Tell-Tale Heart"-inspired act of revenge between Lisa and a new student. In the episode, Lisa hides the competing student's diorama of the story and replaces it with an actual animal heart. As her guilt rises, she thinks she hears the diorama's heart beating beneath the floor boards.
- A season 1 episode of SpongeBob SquarePants, ("Squeaky Boots" first aired September 04, 1999) has Mr. Krabs selling a pair of rubber boots to Spongebob, which turn out to be incredibly irritating because of the constant squeaking they cause and Mr. Krabs decides to steal them from Spongebob and buries them underneath the floorboards of the Krusty Krab, only to begin hearing the squeaking noise more and more before snapping and digging them up, saying, "I hear the squeaking of the hideous boots!" and admitting that he stole them ... he then proceeds to eat the boots instead because he still cannot stand the incessant squeaking
References
1. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 30
2. ^ Cleman, John. "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", collected in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 70 ISBN 0791061736
3. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 30
4. ^ Robinson, E. Arthur. "Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart'" from Twentieth Century Interpretations of Poe's Tales, edited by William L. Howarth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1971. p. 94
5. ^ Cleman, John. "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", collected in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 70 ISBN 0791061736
6. ^ Robinson, E. Arthur. "Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart'" from Twentieth Century Interpretations of Poe's Tales, edited by William L. Howarth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1971. p. 94
7. ^ Fisher, Benjamin Franklin. "Poe and the Gothic Tradition," from The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 87 ISBN 0521797276
8. ^ Cleman, John. "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", collected in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 66 ISBN 0791061736
9. ^ Reilly, John E. "The Lesser Death-Watch and "'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in The American Transcendental Quarterly. Second quarter, 1969. Available online
10. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 32
11. ^ Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. p. 223 ISBN 0807123218
12. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 33
13. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 31-2
14. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. p. 201 ISBN 0060923318
15. ^ Index to Poe's tales at Baltimore Poe Society Online
16. ^ IMDb Title Search: The Tell-Tale Heart. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
17. ^
18. ^
2. ^ Cleman, John. "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", collected in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 70 ISBN 0791061736
3. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 30
4. ^ Robinson, E. Arthur. "Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart'" from Twentieth Century Interpretations of Poe's Tales, edited by William L. Howarth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1971. p. 94
5. ^ Cleman, John. "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", collected in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 70 ISBN 0791061736
6. ^ Robinson, E. Arthur. "Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart'" from Twentieth Century Interpretations of Poe's Tales, edited by William L. Howarth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1971. p. 94
7. ^ Fisher, Benjamin Franklin. "Poe and the Gothic Tradition," from The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 87 ISBN 0521797276
8. ^ Cleman, John. "Irresistible Impulses: Edgar Allan Poe and the Insanity Defense", collected in Bloom's BioCritiques: Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. p. 66 ISBN 0791061736
9. ^ Reilly, John E. "The Lesser Death-Watch and "'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in The American Transcendental Quarterly. Second quarter, 1969. Available online
10. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 32
11. ^ Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. p. 223 ISBN 0807123218
12. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 33
13. ^ Benfey, Christopher. "Poe and the Unreadable: 'The Black Cat' and 'The Tell-Tale Heart'," collected in New Essays on Poe's Major Tales, Kenneth Silverman, ed. Cambridge University Press, 1993. ISBN 9780521422437 p. 31-2
14. ^ Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. p. 201 ISBN 0060923318
15. ^ Index to Poe's tales at Baltimore Poe Society Online
16. ^ IMDb Title Search: The Tell-Tale Heart. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
17. ^
18. ^
External links
- "The Tell-Tale Heart" - Full text of the first printing, from the Pioneer, 1843
| Poems |
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| Metzengerstein (1832) • The Duc De L'Omelette (1832) • A Tale of Jerusalem (1832) • Loss of Breath (1832) • Bon-Bon (1832) • MS. Found in a Bottle (1833) • The Assignation (1834) • Berenice (1835) • Morella (1835) • Lionizing (1835) • The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall (1835) • King Pest (1835) • Shadow - A Parable (1835) • Four Beasts in One - The Homo-Cameleopard (1836) • Mystification (1837) • Silence - A Fable (1837) • Ligeia (1838) • How to Write a Blackwood Article (1838) • A Predicament (1838) • The Devil in the Belfry (1839) • The Man That Was Used Up (1839) • The Fall of the House of Usher (1839) • William Wilson (1839) • The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion (1839) • Why the Little Frenchman Wears His Hand in a Sling (1840) • The Business Man (1840) • The Man of the Crowd (1840) • The Murders in the Rue Morgue (1841) • A Descent into the Maelstrm (1841) • The Island of the Fay (1841) • The Colloquy of Monos and Una (1841) • Never Bet the Devil Your Head (1841) • Eleonora (1841) • Three Sundays in a Week (1841) • The Oval Portrait (1842) • The Masque of the Red Death (1842) • The Landscape Garden (1842) • The Mystery of Marie Roget (1842) • The Pit and the Pendulum (1842) • The Tell-Tale Heart (1843) • The Gold-Bug (1843) • The Black Cat (1843) • Diddling (1843) • The Spectacles (1844) • A Tale of the Ragged Mountains (1844) • The Premature Burial (1844) • Mesmeric Revelation (1844) • The Oblong Box (1844) • The Angel of the Odd (1844) • Thou Art the Man (1844) • The Literary Life of Thingum Bob, Esq. (1844) • The Purloined Letter (1844) • The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade (1845) • Some Words with a Mummy (1845) • The Power of Words (1845) • The Imp of the Perverse (1845) • The System of Doctor Tarr and Professor Fether (1845) • The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar (1845) • The Sphinx (1846) • The Cask of Amontillado (1846) • The Domain of Arnheim (1847) • Mellonta Tauta (1849) • Hop-Frog (1849) • Von Kempelen and His Discovery (1849) • X-ing a Paragrab (1849) • Landor's Cottage (1849) |
| Other works |
| Essays: Maelzel's Chess Player (1836) • The Daguerreotype (1840) • The Philosophy of Furniture (1840) • A Few Words on Secret Writing (1841) • The Rationale of Verse (1843) • Morning on the Wissahiccon (1844) • Old English Poetry (1845) • The Philosophy of Composition (1846) • The Poetic Principle (1846) • Eureka (1848) Hoaxes: • The Balloon-Hoax (1844) Novels: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1837) • The Journal of Julius Rodman (1840) Plays: Scenes From 'Politian' (1835) Other: The Conchologist's First Book (1839) • The Light-House (1849) |
Harry Clarke (March 17, 1889–1931) was an Irish stained glass artist and book illustrator. Born in Dublin, he was a figure in the Irish Arts and Crafts Movement.
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History
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Edgar Allan Poe
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death.
Born: January 19 1809
Boston, Massachusetts U.S.
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This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death.
Born: January 19 1809
Boston, Massachusetts U.S.
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Writing system: Latin (English variant)
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
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Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
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Horror fiction is, broadly, fiction in any medium intended to scare, unsettle, or horrify the audience. Historically, the cause of the "horror" experience has often been the intrusion of an evil—or, occasionally, misunderstood—supernatural element into everyday human
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The short story is a literary genre. It is usually fictional narrative prose and tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction, such as novellas (in the modern sense of this term) and novels.
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Professional issues
Ethics & objectivity
Sources & attribution
News & news values
Reporting & writing
Fourth estate • Libel law
Education & books
Other topics
Fields
Advocacy journalism
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-1843- 1844 1845 1846 1847 . 1848 . 1849 . 1850 . 1851 . 1852 . 1853
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The short story is a literary genre. It is usually fictional narrative prose and tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction, such as novellas (in the modern sense of this term) and novels.
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Edgar Allan Poe
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death.
Born: January 19 1809
Boston, Massachusetts U.S.
..... Click the link for more information.
This daguerreotype of Poe was taken in 1848 when he was 39, a year before his death.
Born: January 19 1809
Boston, Massachusetts U.S.
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Classes of crime
Infraction · Misdemeanor · Felony
Summary · Indictable · Hybrid
Against the person
Assault · Battery
Extortion · Harassment
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James Russell Lowell
James Russell Lowell circa 1855.
Born: February 22, 1819
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Died: July 12 1891 (aged 72)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Occupation: Poet, literary critic, US Minister (Spain, London)
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James Russell Lowell circa 1855.
Born: February 22, 1819
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Died: July 12 1891 (aged 72)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Occupation: Poet, literary critic, US Minister (Spain, London)
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Gothic fiction is an important genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. As a genre, it is generally believed to have been invented by the English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto.
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narrator is an entity within a story that tells the story to the reader. It is one of three entities responsible for story-telling of any kind. The others are the author and the reader (or audience). The author and the reader both inhabit the real world.
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In medias res, also medias in res (Latin for "into the middle of things") is a literary and artistic technique where the narrative starts in the middle of the story instead of from its beginning (ab ovo or ab initio).
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Gothic fiction is an important genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. As a genre, it is generally believed to have been invented by the English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto.
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Part of the common law series
See also Criminal law and procedure
Insanity · Mental disorder
Diminished responsibility
Intoxication · Infancy
Automatism
Consent · Mistake
Duress · Necessity
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Part of the common law series
See also Criminal law and procedure
Insanity · Mental disorder
Diminished responsibility
Intoxication · Infancy
Automatism
Consent · Mistake
Duress · Necessity
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X. rufovillosum
Binomial name
Xestobium rufovillosum
De Geer, 1774
The death watch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum
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Binomial name
Xestobium rufovillosum
De Geer, 1774
The death watch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum
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For the US Poet Laureate, see .
A Poet Laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government and often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events. The plural form is poets laureate.
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Richard Purdy Wilbur (born March 1, 1921), is an American poet and former United States U.S. Poet Laureate.
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Life
Wilbur was born in New York City and grew up in North Caldwell, New Jersey.[1]...... Click the link for more information.
"To Science," or "Sonnet - To Science" is an 1829 poem written by Edgar Allan Poe. The traditional 14-line English sonnet says that science is the enemy of the poet because it takes away the mysteries of the world.
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Seal
Nickname: Beantown, The Hub (of the Universe), The Cradle of Liberty, City on the Hill, Athens of America
Location in Suffolk County in Massachusetts, USA
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-1843- 1844 1845 1846 1847 . 1848 . 1849 . 1850 . 1851 . 1852 . 1853
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James Russell Lowell
James Russell Lowell circa 1855.
Born: February 22, 1819
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Died: July 12 1891 (aged 72)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Occupation: Poet, literary critic, US Minister (Spain, London)
..... Click the link for more information.
James Russell Lowell circa 1855.
Born: February 22, 1819
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Died: July 12 1891 (aged 72)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Occupation: Poet, literary critic, US Minister (Spain, London)
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