Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):

• 1-9. cranium
• 7. mandible

''In the middle ears (6):

• malleus
• incus
• stapes

In the throat (1):

• hyoid

In the shoulder girdle (4):
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The transverse processes of a vertebra, two in number, project one at either side from the point where the lamina joins the pedicle, between the superior and inferior articular processes. They serve for the attachment of muscles and ligaments.
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):

• 1-9. cranium
• 7. mandible

''In the middle ears (6):

• malleus
• incus
• stapes

In the throat (1):

• hyoid

In the shoulder girdle (4):
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The spinous process of a vertebra is directed backward and downward from the junction of the laminae (in humans), and serves for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. In animals without an erect stance, the process points upward and may slant forward or backward.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.^[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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• Accessory nerve
• Accessory obturator nerve
• Alderman's nerve
• Anococcygeal nerve
• Ansa cervicalis
• Anterior interosseous nerve
• Anterior superior alveolar nerve
• Aortic plexus
• Auerbach's plexus
• Auriculotemporal nerve
• Axillary nerve

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The posterior (or dorsal) branches (or divisions) of the spinal nerves are as a rule smaller than the anterior divisions.

They are directed backward, and, with the exceptions of those of the first cervical, the fourth and fifth sacral, and the coccygeal, divide into medial
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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. ^[1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Muscles may refer to:

• Muscles, units of the muscular system of the body.
• Muscles (musician)

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human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or
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The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length.

It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is
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The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the
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The Semispinalis capitis (Complexus) is situated at the upper and back part of the neck, beneath the Splenius, and medial to the Longissimus cervicis and capitis.
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The multifidus (multifidus spinae : pl. multifidi ) muscle consists of a number of fleshy and tendinous fasciculi, which fill up the groove on either side of the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum to the axis.
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The Rotatores (Rotatores spinae) lie beneath the Multifidus and are found only in the thoracic region; they are eleven in number on either side.

Each muscle is small and somewhat quadrilateral in form; it arises from the upper and back part of the transverse process,
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eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996 by Scott Plantz and Richard Lavely, two medical doctors. It was sold to WebMD in January 2006.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs. It is sometimes referred to as the trunk. The torso includes the thorax and abdomen.
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human back is the large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or
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The splenius capitis arises from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchæ, from the spinousial process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and from the spinous processes of the upper three or four thoracic vertebræ.
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The splenius cervicis (splenius colli) arises by a narrow tendinous band from the spinous processes of the third to the sixth thoracic vertebrae; it is inserted, by tendinous fasciculi, into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper two or three
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The Erector spinæ (or Sacrospinalis in older texts), a bundle of muscles and tendons, and its prolongations in the thoracic and cervical regions, lie in the groove on the side of the vertebral column.
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The iliocostalis is the muscle immediately lateral to the longissimus that is the nearest to the furrow that separates the epaxial muscles from the hypaxial. It lies very deep to the fleshy portion of the serratus ventralis (serratus anterior).
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The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae.
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The spinalis is the portion of the erector spinae, a bundle of muscles and tendons, located nearest to the spine. It is divided into three parts.

Spinalis dorsi

The Spinalis dorsi
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The latissimus dorsi (plural: latissimi dorsi) is the large, flat, dorso-lateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the spinotrapezius on its median dorsal region.
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The Semispinalis dorsi (or semispinalis thoracis) consists of thin, narrow, fleshy fasciculi, interposed between tendons of considerable length.

It arises by a series of small tendons from the transverse processes of the sixth to the tenth thoracic vertebræ, and is
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The semispinalis cervicis (semispinalis colli), thicker than the semispinalis dorsi, arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebræ, and is inserted into the cervical spinous processes, from the
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