Transversus abdominis muscle

Information about Transversus abdominis muscle

Transversus abdominis muscle
Muscles of the trunk.
The Transversus abdominis, Rectus abdominis, and Pyramidalis.
subject #118 414
Origin:from the ribs and the iliac crest
Insertion:inserts into the pubic tubercle via the conjoint tendon, also known as the falx inguinalis
Artery:
Nerve:
Action:
Dorlands/Elsevier m_22/12551205
The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle. It is a major muscle of the functional core of the human body.

Structure

The transversus abdominis, so called for the direction of its fibers, is the innermost of the flat muscles of the abdomen, being placed immediately beneath the internal oblique muscle.

Origin

It arises, as fleshy fibers, from the lateral third of the inguinal ligament, from the anterior three-fourths of the inner lip of the iliac crest, from the inner surfaces of the cartilages of the lower six ribs, interdigitating with the diaphragm, and from the lumbodorsal fascia.

Insertion

The muscle ends in front in a broad aponeurosis, the lower fibers of which curve downward and medialward, and are inserted, together with those of the internal oblique muscle, into the crest of the pubis and pectineal line, forming the inguinal aponeurotic falx. In layperson's terminology, the muscle ends in the middle line of a person's abdomen.

Throughout the rest of its extent the aponeurosis passes horizontally to the middle line, and is inserted into the linea alba; its upper three-fourths lie behind the rectus muscle and blend with the posterior lamella of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique; its lower fourth is in front of the rectus abdominis.

Layperson's description

  • The transvers abs run from our sides (lateral) to the front (medial), its fibers running horizontally (transverse).
  • The lateral beginnings of the muscle (origin) run from the front of the inside part of the hip bonehttp://education.yahoo.com/reference/gray/subjects/subject?id=57#p234 (anterior iliac crest and inguinal ligament) to the last rib of the rib cage. It also is connected to the diaphragm which helps with inhalation.
  • The muscle runs transverse and is the deepest of the major abdominal muscles (the others being the rectus abdominis, and the internal and external obliques).
  • It ends (the muscle insertion) by joining with the large vertical abdominal muscle in the middle (the linea alba), where the fibers begin to curve downward and upward depending on what direction it has to go to meet the linea alba, and below the sternum it combines with next most superficial muscle (the internal oblique). This insertion runs down by the belly button where it passes over the thick abdomen muscle (the "6/8-pack") and all the ab muscle fibers join together.

Innervation

The transversus abdominis is innervated by the lower intercostal nerves, as well as the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve.

Actions

The transversus abdominis (TVA) helps to compress the ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability. This is explained further here.

Variations

It may be more or less fused with the Obliquus internus or absent. The spermatic cord may pierce its lower border. Slender muscle slips from the ileopectineal line to transversalis fascia, the aponeurosis of the Transversus abdominis or the outer end of the linea semicircularis and other slender slips are occasionally found.

The muscle in movement and training

The most well known and effective method of strengthening it is the vacuum exercise, as well as engaging it during lifts. The transversus is the body's natural weight-lifting belt, stabilizing the spine and pelvis during lifting movements. Failure to engage the muscle at higher intensity lifts is dangerous and encourages injury. It acts as a girdle or corset in creating hoop tension around the midsection, tensing before contraction of the extremities.

Without a stable spine, the nervous system fails to recruit the muscles in extremities efficiently, and functional movements cannot be properly performed. Stabilization must then occur at the segmental level. The transversus abdominis and the segmental stabilizers of the spine are designed to work in tandem. This kind of lifting eventually overloads segmental stabilizers, and can result in massive lower back pain, early degeneration and many orthopedic problems.

Additional images


Diagram of a transverse section of the posterior abdominal wall, to show the disposition of the lumbodorsal fascia.

Posterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages, showing Transversus thoracis.

The interfoveolar ligament, seen from in front.

Diagram of sheath of Rectus.

Diagram of a transverse section through the anterior abdomina wall, below the linea semicircularis.

The abdominal inguinal ring.

The abdominal aorta and its branches.


External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

 •  • [ e]
Muscles of torso
BACKsplenius: (capitis - cervicis) - erector spinae (iliocostalis - longissimus - spinalis) - latissimus dorsi
transversospinales: (semispinalis dorsi - semispinalis cervicis - semispinalis capitis - multifidus - rotatores) - interspinales - intertransversarii
SUBOCCIPITALrectus capitis posterior (major, minor) - obliquus capitis (inferior, superior)
CHESTintercostales (external, internal, innermost) - subcostales - transversus thoracis - levatores costarum - serratus posterior (inferior, superior) - diaphragm
ABDOMENobliques (external, internal) - transversus abdominis - rectus abdominis - pyramidalis - cremaster - quadratus lumborum
PELVISlevator ani (iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus, puborectalis) - coccygeus
PERINEUMsphincter ani (externus, internus) - superficial perineal pouch (transversus perinei superficialis - bulbospongiosus - ischiocavernosus) - deep perineal pouch (transversus perinei profundus, sphincter urethrae membranaceae)
The transversus abdominis muscle, also known as the transversalis muscle and transverse abdominal muscle, is a muscle layer of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall which is just deep to (layered below) the internal oblique muscle.
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The rectus abdominis muscle (commonly known as "abs") is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals).
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The pyramidalis is a muscle that is considered insignificant in humans. It is small and triangular, anterior to the Rectus abdominis, and contained in the rectus sheath.

Attachments and actions


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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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RIB can mean:
  • Rigid-hulled inflatable boat
  • Romanian International Bank
  • Routing Information Base
This article is about the bones called ribs. For other meanings, see rib (disambiguation).

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The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is convex in its general outline but is sinuously curved, being concave inward in front, concave outward behind.

It is thinner at the center than at the extremities, and ends in the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines.
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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Pubis may refer to the following:
  • Pubis (bone)
  • Mons pubis, a padding of fat that protects the pubis bone

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The conjoint tendon is a structure formed from the conjoin tendons of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. It was formerly known as the inguinal aponeurotic falx.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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  • Accessory nerve
  • Accessory obturator nerve
  • Alderman's nerve
  • Anococcygeal nerve
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • Anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • Aortic plexus
  • Auerbach's plexus
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Axillary nerve

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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. [1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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The abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall is split into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and anterior (front) walls.
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The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle.
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    Valsalva maneuver
Core muscles are very important in the Valsalva maneuver, which is when a person's thorax tightens while holding their breath. This normally involuntary action can be induced by linking one's hands in front of the chest while standing, and then pulling
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The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle.
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The inguinal ligament is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients.

It forms the base of the inguinal canal which is the place from where the inguinal hernia develops.
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diaphragm is a sheet of muscle extending across the bottom of the ribcage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration.
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The internal oblique muscle (of the abdomen) is the intermediate muscle of the abdomen, lying just underneath the external oblique and just above (superficial to) the transverse abdominal muscle.
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Pubis may refer to the following:
  • Pubis (bone)
  • Mons pubis, a padding of fat that protects the pubis bone

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In anatomy, pectineal line (and similar terms) refers to multiple comb-shaped lines. It can refer to:
  • Pectineal line (femur)
  • Pectineal line (pubis)
  • Pectinate line (border between anal canal and rectum)

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The conjoint tendon is a structure formed from the conjoin tendons of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles. It was formerly known as the inguinal aponeurotic falx.
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Linea alba can refer to:
  • Linea alba (abdomen)
  • Linea alba (teeth)

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The rectus abdominis muscle (commonly known as "abs") is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals).
..... Click the link for more information.
The crest of the ilium (or iliac crest) is convex in its general outline but is sinuously curved, being concave inward in front, concave outward behind.

It is thinner at the center than at the extremities, and ends in the anterior and posterior superior iliac spines.
..... Click the link for more information.
The inguinal ligament is a band running from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine. Its anatomy is very important for operating on hernia patients.

It forms the base of the inguinal canal which is the place from where the inguinal hernia develops.
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diaphragm is a sheet of muscle extending across the bottom of the ribcage. The diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and performs an important function in respiration.
..... Click the link for more information.
The rectus abdominis muscle (commonly known as "abs") is a paired muscle running vertically on each side of the anterior wall of the human abdomen (and in some other animals).
..... Click the link for more information.
Linea alba can refer to:
  • Linea alba (abdomen)
  • Linea alba (teeth)

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