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Treaty Of Paris (1856)

The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France, and the United Kingdom. The treaty, signed on March 30 1856, made the Black Sea neutral territory, closing it to all warships, and prohibiting fortifications and the presence of armaments on its shores. The treaty marked a severe setback to Russian influence in the region.

Description

Moldavia and Wallachia would stay under nominal Ottoman rule, but would be granted independent constitutions and national assemblies, which was to be monitored by the victorious powers. A project of a referendum was to be set in place to monitor the will of the peoples regarding unification. Also, Moldavia received the south of Bessarabia (Budjak).

The treaty also demilitarised the Ã…land Islands in the Baltic Sea, which belonged to the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland. The fortress Bomarsund had been destroyed by British and French forces in 1854 and the alliance wanted to prevent its use as a Russian military base.

The Peace of Paris confirmed Nicholas I's failures.

Treaty of Paris: debates

A medallion issued to celebrate the end of the Crimean War and the Treaty of Paris, made from a soft "silver colour" alloy


Signing parties

References

Bibliography

See also

External links

Crimean War (1854–1856) was fought between Imperial Russia on one side and an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire on the other.
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Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian: Pоссiйская Имперiя, Modern Russian: Российская империя,
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Ottoman Empire or Ottoman Caliphate (1299 to 1922) (Old Ottoman Turkish: دولت عالیه عثمانیه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish:
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The Kingdom of Sardinia was a state centred on the island of Sardinia for more than five centuries. It was often combined with extensive territories elsewhere, such as Corsica or Savoy, but Sardinia was always its namesake.
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The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927. It was formed by the merger of the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself having been a merger of the Kingdoms of England and Scotland) and the Kingdom of
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March 30 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.

Events


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18th century - 19th century - 20th century
1820s  1830s  1840s  - 1850s -  1860s  1870s  1880s
1853 1854 1855 - 1856 - 1857 1858 1859

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Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -
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Euxine Sea (Older name) redirects here.


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Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova) is a geographical and historical region in South-Eastern Europe, roughly corresponding to the territory of the historic principality of the same name.
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Wallachia (also spelled Walachia; Romanian: Ţara Românească or "The Romanian Land") is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians.
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Bessarabia (Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian,
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Budjak or Budzhak is the southern part of Bessarabia, now included in the Odessa Oblast (province) of Ukraine. It is a multiethnic region lying along the Black Sea between the Danube and Dniester rivers.
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Motto
none
Anthem
Ålänningens sång


Capital
(and largest city) Mariehamn

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Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. It is bounded by the Scandinavian Peninsula, the mainland of Europe, and the Danish islands. It drains into the Kattegat by way of the Øresund, the Great Belt and the Little Belt.
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The Grand Duchy of Finland (Latin: Magnus Ducatus Finlandiæ) was the predecessor state of modern Finland that existed in its territory 1809–1917 as part of the Russian Empire.
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Bomarsund is a nineteenth century fortress in Sund on the Ã…land Islands in the Baltic Sea. It was built in 1832 by Russia but destroyed twenty two years later in 1854 in Crimean War by a British-French fleet.
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Emperor Nicholas I
Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias

Reign December 1, 1825–March 2, 1855
Coronation September 3 1826
Born 6 July 1796(1796--)
Gatchina

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Danube
Donau, Dunaj, Duna, Dunav, Dunărea
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Alexandre Florian Joseph, Duke Colonna-Walewski (May 4, 1810 - October 27, 1868) was a Polish and French politician and diplomat. He was the son of Napoleon I and his mistress Marie, Countess Walewski.

Life

Waleski was born at Walewice near Warsaw.
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Karl Ferdinand Graf von Buol-Schauenstein (17 May 1797 - 28 October 1865) was an Austrian diplomatist and statesman, who served as Foreign Minister of Austria from 1852 to 1859.
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Joseph Alexander, count Hübner (November 26, 1811–July 30, 1892), was an Austrian diplomat, born in Vienna. His real name was Hafenbredl, which he afterwards changed to Hübner.
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George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (January 12, 1800 - June 27, 1870), was an English diplomat and statesman.

Lineage

Born in London on January 12, 1800, George Villiers was the eldest son of the Hon.
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Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley KG GCB PC (17 June 1804-15 July 1884), was a British diplomat.

He was the eldest son of the 1st Baron Cowley (1773-1847), and the former Lady Charlotte Cadogan, daughter of the 1st Earl Cadogan, and was consequently a nephew
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Orlov (Орлóв) is the name of a Russian noble family which produced several distinguished statesmen, diplomatists and soldiers. The family first gained distinction in the person of four Orlov brothers, of whom the senior was Catherine the Great's
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Philipp Graf von Brunnow (1797-1875) was a Russian diplomatist. Brunnow represented Russia in several conferences, and was twice ambassador at the British Court of St. James.
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Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour (August 10 1810 – June 7 1861) was a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. He was Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, and ruled it throughout the Second Italian War of Independence and Garibaldi's campaigns
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Mehmed Emin Aali (Âli) Pasha (b. February 1815 – September 7, 1871), also spelled Mehemed Ali or Mehmet Ali), was an Ottoman statesman.

Mehemed Emin Aali Pasha was born at Constantinople, the son of a government official.
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Berwick-upon-Tweed

Population 11,665 (2001 Census)
OS grid reference NT995525
District Berwick-upon-Tweed
Shire county Northumberland
Region North East
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