Vascones

Information about Vascones

Enlarge picture
Location of the tribe of the Vascones.
·Red: pre-Indoeuropean tribes
·Blue: Celtic tribes
The Vascones (Latin, singular VASCO[1][2]) were an ancient people who, at the arrival of the Romans, inhabited the region of present day Navarre, Lower La Rioja and north-western Aragon. It is likely that they are ancestors of the present-day Basques, to whom they left their name.

Roman period

Unlike the Aquitanians or Cantabrians, the Vascones seemed to have negotiated their status in the Roman Empire. In the Sertorian War, Pompey established his headquarters in their territory, founding Pompaelo. Romanization was rather intense in the area known as Ager Vasconum (the Ebro valley) but limited in the mountainous Saltus, where evidence of Roman civilization appears only in mining places, like Oiasso. The territory was also important for Romans as a communication knot between northern Hispania and southwestern Gallia.

The Vasconian area presents indications of upheaval (burnt villas, an abundance of mints to pay the garrisons) during the 4th and 5th centuries that have been linked by many historians to the Bagaudae rebellions against feudalization. By this time, it was already impossible to differentiate between the tribal Vascones and the rest of the Basque-speaking peoples, collectively called Vascones.

Early Middle Ages

In the year 407, Vascon troops fought on the orders of Roman commanders Didimus and Verinianus, repelling an attack by Vandals, Alans and Suebi. In 409, their passage toward Hispania went unhindered. These Germanic peoples and their Sarmatian allies (the Alans) did not intend to stay but left to conquer richer lands south of the Basque area.

The Roman reaction to this invasion and Vascon unrest was to give Aquitania and Tarraconensis to the Visigoths, in return for their services as allies by treaty (foederati). The Visigoths soon managed to expel the Vandals to Africa.

The independent Vascones stabilised their first polity under the Merovingian Franks: the Duchy of Vasconia, whose borders to the south remained unclear. This duchy would eventually become Gascony. After the Muslim invasions and the re-incorporation of Gascony to the Frankish Kingdom under Charles Martel, the territory south of the Pyrenees was reorganized around Pamplona. When Charlemagne destroyed the walls of this city after a failed attempt to conquest Zaragoza, the Vascons annihilated his rearguard in the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. Some decades later the Kingdom of Pamplona was founded.

References

1. ^ Gascon in the Online Etymology Dictionary.
2. ^ Vasco - Historia in the Spanish-language Auñamendi Encyclopedia.
  • Sorauren, Mikel. Historia de Navarra, el Estado Vasco. Pamiela Ed., 1998. ISBN 84-7681-299-X.

See also

External link

  • Vascones in the Auñamendi Encyclopedia, by Bernardo Estornés Lasa.
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Comunidad Foral de Navarra
Nafarroako Foru Erkidegoa

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Capital Pamplona (Iruña)
Official language(s) Spanish and Basque
Area
 – Total
 – % of Spain Ranked 11th
 10,391 km
 2.
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Comunidad Autónoma de La Rioja

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Capital Logroño
Official language(s) Spanish
Area
 – Total
 – % of Spain Ranked 16th
 5,045 km
 1.
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Comunidad Autónoma de Aragón
Comunidá Autonoma d'Aragón
Comunitat Autònoma d'Aragó

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Anthem: Himno de Aragón
Capital Zaragoza
Official language(s) Spanish
Area
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7 million worldwide
Regions with significant populations
 Basque Country
          Alava

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Aquitani (Latin for Aquitanians) were a people of horsemen living in what is now southwestern France, between the Pyrenees and the Garonne. Julius Caesar, who defeated them in his campaign of Gaul, describes them as not being Celtic but "Iberian".
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Cantabri were an ancient confederacy of eleven tribes[1], either Celtic or pre-Indo European, that inhabited the north coast of Hispania in the whole modern province of Cantabria, the eastern third of Asturias and the nearby mountainous regions of modern Castile-Leon.
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The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. This article however is about the latter.
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Quintus Sertorius (died 72 BC) was a Roman statesman and general, born in Nursia, in Sabine territory.

After acquiring some reputation in Rome as a jurist and an orator, he began a military career.
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For other meanings see Pompey (disambiguation).


Pompey, Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir [1] (Classical Latin abbreviation: CN·POMPEIVS·CN·F·SEX·N·MAGNVS [2], Gnaeus or Cnaeus Pompeius Magnus
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Pamplona (Basque: Iruñea or Iruña[1]) is the capital city of Navarre, Spain. It has a population of 195,769[2], and a metropolitan area of 300,000 habitants[3], and it is 407 kilometres northeast of Madrid.
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Oiartzun is a town located in the province of Gipuzkoa, in the Basque Country (Euskadi).

The name Oiasso or Oiarso is known since Roman times. It was an important town and dedicated to mining and marine activities.
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Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar and a very small southern part of France). When Rome was a republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior.
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Gaul (Latin: Gallia) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of
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Bagaudae (also spelled Bacaudae) were groups of peasant insurgents during the "Crisis of the Third Century", particularly in Gaul. The name probably means "fighters". C.E.V.
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Feudalism refers to a general set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility of Europe during the Middle Ages, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.
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 Basque}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Euskadi and Navarre (Spain)
Regulated by: Euskaltzaindia
Language codes
ISO 639-1: eu
ISO 639-2: baq (B)  eus (T)
ISO 639-3: eus


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5th century · 6th century
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404 405 406 407 408 409 410
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Vandals were an East Germanic tribe which entered the late Roman Empire during the 5th century. The Goth Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths and regent of the Visigoths was allied by marriage with the Vandals, as well as with the Burgundians and the Franks under Clovis I.
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The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people, warlike nomadic pastoralists of varied backgrounds, who spoke an Iranian language and to a large extent shared a common culture.
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Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic *swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root *swē- meaning "one's own" in the sense of people, relatives,[1] from an Indo-European root *swe-,[2]
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5th century · 6th century
370s 380s 390s 400s 410s 420s 430s
406 407 408 409 410 411 412
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Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European-speaking peoples, originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic languages which diversified out of Common Germanic in the course of the Pre-Roman Iron Age.
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Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae were a people originally of Iranian stock.[1] Mentioned by classical authors, they migrated from Central Asia to the Ural Mountains around 5th century B.C.
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Gallia Aquitania (Latin pronunciation /ˈɡalːia akʷiːˈtaːnia/;[1] also Aquitaine, Aquitaine Gaul
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Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. It encompassed much of the Mediterranean coast of Spain along with the central plateau and the north coast, and part of northern Portugal.
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The Visigoths (Western Goths) were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe (the Ostrogoths being the other). Together these tribes were among the loosely-termed Germanic peoples who disturbed the late Roman Empire during the Migration Period.
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The Duchy of Vasconia (sometimes Wasconia), later known as Gascony, was a Merovingian creation: a frontier duchy on the Garonne, in the border with the rebel Basque tribes.
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Gascony (French: Gascogne, pronounced /gaskɔɲ/ ; Gascon Occitan: Gasconha, pronounced /gasˈkuɲɔ/
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Francia or Frankia, also called the Frankish Empire (Latin: imperium Francorum), Frankish Kingdom (Latin: regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the Franks"), or Frankish Realm, often just Frankland
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