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The phrase William and Mary usually refers to the joint sovereignty over the Kingdom of England, as well as the Kingdom of Scotland, of King William III and his wife Queen Mary II, a daughter of James II. Their joint reign began in February, 1689, when they were called to the throne by Parliament, replacing James II, who was "deemed to have fled" the country in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. After Mary died in 1694, William of Orange ruled alone until his death in 1702. Their rule was the only period in British history in which "joint sovereigns" with equal powers were allowed to reign; usually, the spouse of the monarch has no power and is simply a consort.

Historic impact

To end the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights that led to a greater measure of personal liberty and democracy in Britain, and a new co-operation between the Parliament and the monarchs. This both signaled the end of several centuries of tension and conflict between crown and parliament, and the end of hope that England would be restored to Roman Catholicism, Mary being a Protestant Stuart. This led on to the modern nation state of today known as the United Kingdom under their successor, Mary's sister Anne of Great Britain.

This also inspired the colonists in the Americas to revolt in Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland. The grip on the American colonies laxed; for a time.

The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, was chartered in 1693, endowed and named in their honour.

See also

• Mary II
• William II and III
• The College of William and Mary
• Philip and Mary
• Francis and Mary
• Henry and Mary

William and Mary House of Orange Cadet branch of the House of Nassau Born: 14 November 1650 Died: 8 March 1702
Preceded by James II	King of England (with Mary II from 1689–1694) 1689–1702	Succeeded by Anne
	King of Scotland (with Mary II from 1689–1694) 1689–1702
King of Ireland (with Mary II from 1689–1694) 1689–1702
Preceded by William II	Prince of Orange 1650–1702	Succeeded by Frederick I of Prussia or Johan Willem Friso of Nassau-Dietz
Preceded by William II	Baron of Breda 1650–1702	Succeeded by Johan Willem Friso of Nassau-Dietz
Preceded by William II of Orange	Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, and Utrecht 1672–1702	Succeeded by William IV of Orange
Stadtholder of Guelders and Overijssel 1675–1702
Preceded by James II	Lord High Admiral 1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Torrington

•  • [ e] Monarchs of England

Pre-conquest Alfred the Great • Edward the Elder • Athelstan the Glorious • Edmund the Magnificent • Edred • Edwy the Fair • Edgar the Peaceable • Edward the Martyr • Ethelred the Unready • Sweyn Forkbeard*† • Edmund Ironside • Canute the Great*† • Harold Harefoot • Harthacanute (Canute the Hardy)* • Edward the Confessor • Harold Godwinson • Edgar the Outlaw Post-conquest William I the Conqueror • William II Rufus • Henry I Beauclerc • Stephen • Matilda • Henry II • Richard I the Lionheart • John Lackland • Henry III • Edward I Longshanks • Edward II • Edward III • Richard II • Henry IV Bolingbroke • Henry V • Henry VI • Edward IV • Edward V • Richard III • Henry VII • Henry VIII‡ • Edward VI‡ • Lady Jane Grey‡ • Mary I‡ • Elizabeth I‡ • James I‡§ • Charles I‡§ • Interregnum • Charles II‡§ • James II‡§ • William III‡§¶ & Mary II‡§ • William III‡§¶ • Anne‡§ * also Monarch of Denmark • † also Monarch of Norway • ‡ also Monarch of Ireland • § also Monarch of Scotland • ¶ also Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijssel and Drenthe

•  • [ e] Monarchs of Scotland (Alba)

Traditional List of Monarchs of the Picts Legendary Monarchs • Drest of the Hundred Battles • Talorc I • Nechtan I • Drest II • Galan • Drest III • Drest IV • Gartnait I • Cailtram • Talorc II • Drest V • Galam Cennalath • Bruide I • Gartnait II • Nechtan II • Cinioch • Gartnait III • Bruide II • Talorc III • Talorgan I • Gartnait IV • Drest VI • Bruide III • Taran • Bruide IV • Nechtan IV • Drest VII • Alpn I • engus I • Bruide V • Cined I • Alpn II • Talorgan II • Drest VIII • Conall • Caustantn • engus II • Drest IX • Eogn • Ferat • Bruide VI • Cined II • Bruide VII • Drest X Traditional List of Monarchs of the Scots Cined I • Domnall I • Causantn I • ed • Giric • Domnall II • Causantn II • Mel Coluim I • Idulb • Dub • Cuiln • Cined II • Causantn III • Cined III • Mel Coluim II • Donnchad I • Mac Bethad • Lulach • Mel Coluim III • Domnall III Bn • Donnchad II • Domnall III Bn • Edgar • Alexander I • David I • Mel Coluim IV • William I • Alexander II • Alexander III • First Interregnum • John • Second Interregnum • Robert I • David II • Robert II • Robert III • James I • James II • James III • James IV • James V • Mary I • James VI* • Charles I* • Charles II • The Covenanters • The Protectorate • Charles II* • James VII* • Mary II* • William II* • Anne* * also monarch of Ireland and England

•  • [ e] Stadtholders of Guelders

Willem van Egmond Willem van Egmond jr. Filips van Croy Willem van Egmond jr. Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein Jan V of Nassau-Vianden-Diez Philip of Burgundy Floris van Egmond Ren of Chlon Filips van Lalaing Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn Karel van Brimeu Gillis van Berlaymont John VI of Nassau-Dillenburg Willem IV van den Bergh Adolf van Nieuwenaar Maurice of Nassau Frederick Henry of Orange William II of Orange interregnum William III of Orange interregnum William IV of Orange William V of Orange

•  • [ e] Stadtholders of Holland, Zeeland and (from 1528) Utrecht

Hugo van Lannoy Willem van Lalaing Gozewijn de Wilde Jan van Lannoy Lewis de Bruges Wolfert VI van Borselen Joost van Lalaing Jan III van Egmond Henry III of Nassau-Breda Antoon van Lalaing Ren of Chlon Louis of Flanders Maximilian II of Burgundy William of Orange Maximilian of Hennin Philip of Noircarmes William of Orange Adolf van Nieuwenaar (Utrecht only) Maurice of Nassau Frederick Henry of Orange William II of Orange interregnum William III of Orange interregnum William IV of Orange William V of Orange

•  • [ e] Stadtholders of Overijssel
Georg Schenck van Toutenburg Maximiliaan van Egmond Jan van Ligne Karel van Brimeu Gillis van Berlaymont Caspar van Robles Georges van Lalaing Francisco Verdugo Adolf van Nieuwenaar Maurice of Nassau Frederick Henry of Orange William II of Orange William III of Orange William IV of Orange William V of Orange

•  • [ e] Stadtholders of Drenthe

Christoph van Moers  Jasper van Marwijck  Charles, Duke of Guelders  Ludolf Coenders  Georg Schenck van Toutenburg  Maximiliaan van Egmond  Jan van Ligne  Karel van Brimeu  Gillis van Berlaymont  Caspar van Robles  Georges van Lalaing  Francisco Verdugo  Willem Lodewijk of Nassau-Dietz  Maurice of Nassau  Ernst Casimir  Hendrik Casimir I  Willem Frederik  Hendrik Casimir II  William II of Orange  William III of Orange  William IV of Orange  William V of Orange