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The Yellow Emperor
Huangdi (Traditional Chinese: 黃帝; Simplified Chinese: 黄帝; Pinyin: Huángdì), or the Yellow Emperor, is a legendary Chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is considered in Chinese mythology to be the ancestor of all Han Chinese. One of the legendary Five Emperors, it was written in the Shiji by historian Sima Qian (145 BC-90 BC) that the Yellow Emperor reigned from 2697 BC to 2598 BC. He emerged as a chief deity of Taoism during the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD). The legend of his victory in the war against Emperor Chi-You at the Battle of Zhuolu is seen as the establishment of the Han Chinese nationality.
Accomplishments
Among his other accomplishments, the yellow Emperor has been credited with the invention of the principles of Traditional Chinese medicine. The Huangdi Neijing (黄帝内經 Inner Canon of Huangdi) was supposedly composed in collaboration with his physician Qibo. However, modern historiographers generally consider it to have been compiled from ancient sources by a scholar living between the Zhou and Han dynasties, more than 2,000 years later. His interest in natural health and preventing and treating diseases meant he is said to have lived to the age of 100, and to have attained immortality after his physical death.Legends
In the legend, his wife Lúo Zǔ taught the Chinese how to weave the silk from silkworms, and his historian Cāng Jié created the first Chinese characters.Legend says that the Yellow Emperor invented a magical compass during a battle against Chi You who used a great fog to obscure his enemy's sight. Thanks to the compass, the Yellow Emperor found out where Chi You was and defeated him. The compass was actually a chariot with a pointer which always pointed south. He is also said to have played a part in the creation of the Guqin, together with Fuxi and Shennong, and to have invented the earliest form of the Chinese calendar, and its current sexagenary cycles are counted based on his reign.
Huang Di captured Bai Ze atop Mount Dongwang. The beast described to him all the 11,520 types of monsters, shapeshifters, demons, and spirits in the world. Huang Di's retainer recorded this in pictures, which later became the book "Bai Ze Tu", which no longer exists.[1]
In legend, Ling Lun gave the emperor flutes tuned to the sounds of birds, which is said to be the foundation of Chinese traditional music.
Historicity
One explanation is that Huang Di was euhemerized from a mythical god during the early Zhou Dynasty into a legendary emperor during the late Zhou dynasty—his legendary deeds embellished along the way.Popular culture
- Huang Di appears as a God in the strategy game made by Sierra Entertainment, now a division of Vivendi. In the game he is a patron of hunting and has the skills needed for leading men into battle.
- There have been TV dramas made in mainland China depicting the life of Huang Di. However, their historical accuracy is questionable. They are semi-fictional because their focus is mainly on martial arts, Wuxia and drama.
- The Yellow Emperor serves as the hero in Jorge Luis Borges' story, "The Fauna of the Mirror." British fantasy writer China Miéville used this story as the basis for his novella "The Tain", which describes a post-apocalyptic London. "The Tain" was recently included in Miéville's short story collection "Looking For Jake."
Controversy
The war of Huangdi and Chi-You is also one that has different views to it. The Han Chinese people believe that Huangdi defeated Chi-You after 72 battles, while the Korean people believe the total opposite, which is in Chi-You's victory over Huangdi after 72 battles. However, the legend in general does not have enough archaeological support and is highly controversial. It is mentioned in very few historical sources, such as a history book written by the historian Sima Qian.Notes
References
See also
- Emperor of China
- Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
- Descendants of Yan & Yellow Emperors (Yan Huang Zi Sun; Chinese: 炎黃子孫)
- Chinese folk religion
External links
Yellow Emperor | ||
| Preceded by Shennong | Emperor of China c. 2697 BC – c. 2598 BC | Succeeded by Shaohao |
Traditional Chinese
Child systems Simplified Chinese
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legend (Latin, legenda, "things to be read") is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale verisimilitude.
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Chinese sovereign is the ruler of a particular period in ancient China. Several titles and naming schemes have been used throughout history.
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King title
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A culture hero is a mythological hero specific to some group (cultural, ethnic, racial, religious, etc.) who changes the world through invention or discovery. A typical culture hero might be credited as the discoverer of fire, or agriculture, songs, tradition and religion, and is
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Chinese mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales, and religions that have been passed down in oral or written form. There are several aspects to Chinese mythology, including creation myths and legends and myths concerning the founding of Chinese culture and the
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People's Republic of China [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html#People]
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The Records of the Grand Historian (Traditional Chinese: 史記; Simplified Chinese: 史记; Pinyin: Shǐjì
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historian is an individual who studies history and who writes on history.[1] The person may be an authority (or expert) over history,<ref name="wordnetprinceton" /> but this is not a requirement.
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Sima Qian (ca. 145–90 BC) was a Prefect of the Grand Scribes (太史令) of the Han Dynasty. He is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his highly praised work, Records of the Grand Historian
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4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC - 2nd millennium BC The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which imperialism, or the desire to conquer, grew to prominence, in the city states of the Middle East, but also
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deity or god is a postulated preternatural or supernatural being, who is always of significant power, worshipped, thought holy, divine, or sacred, held in high regard, or respected by human beings.
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Taoism (Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical and religious traditions and concepts. These traditions influenced East Asia for over two thousand years and some have spread internationally.
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Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: 漢朝; Simplified Chinese: 汉朝
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Ja-oji Hwanung (2707 BCE - 2598 BCE) was the fourteenth ruler of the ancient Korean Empire of Baedal. Jaoji Hwanung is better known as Chi-Woo Hwanung. Chi-Woo is recognized today in Korea as one of the greatest rulers and heroes of Korean history.
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Battle of Zhuolu or Battle of Takrok (Traditional Chinese: 涿鹿之戰 Hangul: 탁록대전) is the second battle in Chinese history as recorded in the Records of the Grand Historian
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Majority populations
People's Republic of China [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html#People]
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People's Republic of China [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html#People]
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Nationality is a relationship between a person and their state of origin, culture, association, affiliation and/or loyalty. Nationality affords the state jurisdiction over the person, and affords the person the protection of the state.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM, Simplified Chinese: 中医; Traditional Chinese: 中醫; Pinyin:
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Huangdi Neijing (Simplified Chinese: 黄帝内经; Traditional Chinese: 黃帝內經; Pinyin:
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physician applies to a person who practices some type of medicine. Such medical practitioners are concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis and treatment of disease and injury, through both an area of knowledge
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Qibo (Chinese: 岐伯; Pinyin: Qíbó; Wade-Giles: Chi Bo), was a mythological Chinese doctor, employed by Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) as his minister.
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Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: Zhōu Cháo; Wade-Giles: Chou Ch`ao; 1123 BC to 256 BC[1]) preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China.
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Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: 漢朝; Simplified Chinese: 汉朝
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