Yesterday (song)
Information about Yesterday (song)
pop song originally recorded by The Beatles for their album Help! (1965). According to the Guinness Book of Records, "Yesterday" has the most cover versions of any song ever written (although there is strong evidence to suggest that Gershwin's aria "Summertime" is in fact that most widely covered song, with in excess of seven thousand recorded covers in existence). In defense of the "Yesterday" claim, however, BMI asserts that it was performed over seven million times in the 20th century alone, probably cementing the song as the most performed composition of all time. The song remains popular today with more than 3000 recorded cover versions, the first hitting the United Kingdom top 10 three months after the release of Help!.
"Yesterday" takes the form of an acoustic ballad about a lost loved one. It was the first official recording by The Beatles that relied upon a performance by a single member of the band: McCartney was accompanied solely by a string quartet. The final recording differed so greatly from other works by The Beatles that the other three members of the band vetoed the song's release as a single in the United Kingdom. Although credited to "Lennon/McCartney", as were all Beatles songs written by either member of the pair, the song was written solely by McCartney.
McCartney's initial concern was that he had subconsciously plagiarised someone else's work (known as cryptomnesia). As he put it, "For about a month I went round to people in the music business and asked them whether they had ever heard it before. Eventually it became like handing something in to the police. I thought if no-one claimed it after a few weeks then I could have it."[1]
Upon being convinced that he had not robbed anybody of his melody, McCartney began writing lyrics to suit it. As Lennon and McCartney were known to do at the time, a substitute working lyric, entitled "Scrambled Eggs", was used for the song until something more suitable was written. In his biography, "Many Years From Now", McCartney recalled: "So first of all I checked this melody out, and people said to me, 'No, it's lovely, and I'm sure it's all yours.' It took me a little while to allow myself to claim it, but then like a prospector I finally staked my claim; stuck a little sign on it and said, 'Okay, it's mine!' It had no words. I used to call it 'Scrambled Eggs'."[2]
During the shooting of Help!, a piano was placed on one of the stages where filming was being conducted. McCartney would take advantage of this opportunity to perform "Scrambled Eggs" accompanied by the piano. Richard Lester, the director, was greatly annoyed by this, and eventually lost his temper, telling McCartney to finish writing the song, or he would have the piano removed.[1] McCartney's original lyrics were, "Scrambled eggs, Oh, baby how I love your legs."
McCartney originally claimed he had written "Yesterday" during The Beatles' tour of France in 1964; however, the song was not released until the summer of 1965. During the intervening time, The Beatles released two albums, Beatles for Sale and A Hard Day's Night, both of which could have included "Yesterday". Although McCartney has never elaborated his claims, it is likely that the reason for such a long delay, if it existed, was a disagreement between McCartney and George Martin regarding the song's arrangement, or, equally likely, the distaste of the other Beatles for the song.[1]
Lennon later indicated that the song had been around for a while before:
McCartney said the breakthrough with the lyrics came during a trip to Portugal in May 1965:
On 27 May 1965, McCartney and Asher flew to Lisbon for a holiday in the Algarve, and he borrowed an acoustic guitar from Bruce Welch—whose house they were staying in—and completed the work on "Yesterday".[3]
The song was offered as a demo to Chris Farlowe prior to The Beatles recording it, but he turned it down as he considered it "too soft."[4]
McCartney performed two takes of "Yesterday" on 14 June 1965.[8][9] Take 2 was deemed best and used as the master take. A string quartet was overdubbed on take 2 and that version was released.[9] Take 1, without the string overdub, was later released on the Anthology 2 compilation. On take 1, McCartney can be heard giving chord changes to George Harrison before starting, but George does not appear to actually play. Take 2 had two lines transposed from the first take: "There's a shadow hanging over me"/"I'm not half the man I used to be,"[8] though it seems clear that their order in take 2 was the correct one, because McCartney can be heard, in take 1, suppressing a laugh at his mistake.
Although McCartney had fallen in love with the song, he had a much harder time convincing the other members of the band that it was worthy of an album place, the main objection being that it did not fit in with their image, especially considering that "Yesterday" was extremely unlike other Beatles' songs at the time. This feeling was so strong that the other Beatles—Lennon, Harrison and Ringo Starr—refused to permit the release of a single in the United Kingdom.[1] This did not prevent Matt Monro from recording the first of many cover versions of "Yesterday" to come. His version made it into the top ten in the UK charts soon after its release in the autumn of 1965.[7] Other artists to perform cover versions of this song include Ray Charles, McFly and Sting.
The Beatles' influence over their U.S. record label, Capitol, was not as strong as it was over EMI's Parlophone in Britain. A single was released in the U.S., pairing "Yesterday" as the B-Side of "Act Naturally", a track which featured vocals by Ringo, the most popular Beatle in the States at that time. After the tremendous success of "Yesterday", the order in which the songs appeared on the sleeves was changed. The single was charting by 29 September 1965, and topped the charts for a full month, beginning on October 9. The song spent a remarkable total of 11 weeks in the American charts, selling a million copies within five weeks. "Yesterday" was the most-played song on American radio for eight consecutive years, its popularity refusing to abate.[10]
Meanwhile, in the UK, Help! debuted at number one on August 14 1965 (the first album ever to do so), and continued to top the charts for nine weeks.[11] According to a website, "Yesterday" was dedicated to Iris Caldwell[12] on the show "Blackpool Night Out". Her mother, Violet, told McCartney that her daughter didn't want to speak to him again because he "didn't have any feelings".[13] During this performance, McCartney sang the song and played acoustic guitar, backed by a string quartet, but not by his fellow Beatles. When The Beatles played "Yesterday" during their 1966 world tour, however, the band played the song in an alternate key of G, with their usual live instrumental lineup of McCartney on electric bass guitar, Harrison and Lennon on electric guitars, and Starr on drums.
On 4 March 1966, "Yesterday" was released as an EP in the UK, joined by "Act Naturally" on the A-side with "You Like Me Too Much" and "It's Only Love" on the B-side. By 12 March it had begun its run on the charts. On 26 March 1966, the EP went to number one, a position it held for two months.[14]
Later that same year, "Yesterday" was repackaged as the title track for the U.S.-only "Yesterday and Today", the now famous (or infamous) "Butcher Baby" album. 750,000 copies of the album, featuring as its cover a conceptual photo of the band dressed in butcher smocks and draped with pieces of meat and body parts from plastic baby dolls, were printed and stored in Capitol's various U.S. warehouses. Similar photos had already been used early as the cover to the British release of the "Paperback Writer" single and as the cover to a popular music magazine. Initial reactions by disk jockeys and store managers, who were given early release copies, was so negative that Capitol destroyed a portion of the discs and pasted new, less controversial cover photos over the remainder before the album’s release on June 14. Copies of the album with its original "Butcher Baby" cover intact or restored are highly sought-after by collectors.
Ten years later on 8 March, 1976, "Yesterday" was released by Parlophone as a single in the United Kingdom, featuring "I Should Have Known Better" on the B-side. Entering the charts on 13 March, the single stayed there for seven weeks, but it never rose higher than number 8. The release came about due to the expiration of The Beatles' contract with EMI, Parlophone's parent. EMI released as many singles by The Beatles as they could on the same day, leading to 23 of them hitting the top 100 in the United Kingdom charts, including six in the top 50.[15]
"Yesterday" won the Ivor Novello Award for 'Outstanding Song of 1965', and came second for 'Most Performed Work of the Year', losing out to another McCartney composition, "Michelle". The song has received its fair share of acclaim in recent times as well, ranking 13th on Rolling Stone's 2004 list The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[18] In 1999, Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) placed "Yesterday" third on their list of songs of the 20th century most performed on American radio and television, with approximately seven million performances. "Yesterday" was surpassed only by The Association's "Never My Love" and the Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Loving Feeling".[19]
"Yesterday," however, has also been criticised for being mundane and mawkish; Bob Dylan had a marked dislike for the song, stating that "If you go into the Library of Congress, you can find a lot better than that. There are millions of songs like 'Michelle' and 'Yesterday' written in Tin Pan Alley". Ironically, Dylan ultimately recorded his own version of "Yesterday" four years later, but it was never released.[6]
Shortly before his death in 1980, Lennon explained that he thought the lyrics didn't "resolve into any sense... They're good — but if you read the whole song, it doesn't say anything; you don't know what happened. She left and he wishes it were yesterday — that much you get — but it doesn't really resolve. ... Beautiful — and I never wished I'd written it."[20]
The string arrangement supplements the song's air of sadness, especially in the groaning cello melody that connects the two halves of the bridge (on the line, "I don't know / she wouldn't say") as well as the descending line by the viola that segues the chorus back into the verses. This simple idea is so striking, McCartney mimics it with his vocal on the second pass of the chorus.[21] This viola line and the high A sustained by the violin over the final verse are the only elements of the string arrangement attributable to McCartney rather than George Martin.
An unusual aspect of this song is that its first phrase is only seven measures instead of the customary eight measures found in most all popular music. The use of the IV to I cadence (called a plagal or "Amen" cadence) at the end of this first phrase results in the seven measure phrase sounding perfectly natural and almost religious in nature.
McCartney's eventual lyric for the song was sombre and fitted the reflective melody. Although the lyric is rather vague, it could be interpreted to reveal sadness about a lost loved one. Most believe that it revealed sadness about a breakup, while some believe that there is an obscure connection to this song with the death of his mother when he was a teenager. When the song was written, the lyric was considered unusual for a McCartney composition. Until then, most of McCartney's songs had been positive and upbeat; Lennon was considered the Beatle with the more introspective and sad lyrics.
When the song was performed on The Ed Sullivan Show, it was done in the above-mentioned key of F, with McCartney as the only Beatle to perform, and the studio orchestra providing the string accompaniment. However, all of The Beatles played in a G-major version which was used in the Tokyo concerts during their 1966 tours.
When McCartney appeared on "The Howard Stern Show", he stated that he owns the original lyrics to "Yesterday" written on the back of an envelope.
In July 2003, British musicologists stumbled upon similarities between the lyric and rhyming schemes of "Yesterday" and Nat King Cole's "Answer Me", leading to speculation that McCartney had been influenced by the song. McCartney's publicists denied any resemblance between "Answer Me" and "Yesterday".[22] From the story:
Ian Hammond speculated that McCartney subconsciously based "Yesterday" on Ray Charles' version of "Georgia On My Mind," but closed his article by saying that despite the similarities"Yesterday" is a "completely original and individual [work]."[22]
In 2006, Italian producer and songwriter Lilli Greco claimed "Yesterday" to be a cover of a 19th century Neapolitan song called Piccere' Che Vene a Dicere'. In the same article, Greco claimed that McCartney and Lennon had an "encyclopaedic knowledge" of world music and were particularly fond of Neapolitan songs.[23] Neither Lennon nor McCartney could read sheet music, and the article does not indicate when—or if—McCartney or Lennon heard a performance of the song.
March 8 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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)
"Yesterday" takes the form of an acoustic ballad about a lost loved one. It was the first official recording by The Beatles that relied upon a performance by a single member of the band: McCartney was accompanied solely by a string quartet. The final recording differed so greatly from other works by The Beatles that the other three members of the band vetoed the song's release as a single in the United Kingdom. Although credited to "Lennon/McCartney", as were all Beatles songs written by either member of the pair, the song was written solely by McCartney.
Origins
According to biographers of McCartney and The Beatles, McCartney composed the entire melody in a dream one night in his room at the Wimpole Street home of his then girlfriend Jane Asher and her family. Upon waking, he hurried to a piano, turned on a tape recorder, and played the tune to avoid letting it slip into the recesses of his mind.[1]McCartney's initial concern was that he had subconsciously plagiarised someone else's work (known as cryptomnesia). As he put it, "For about a month I went round to people in the music business and asked them whether they had ever heard it before. Eventually it became like handing something in to the police. I thought if no-one claimed it after a few weeks then I could have it."[1]
Upon being convinced that he had not robbed anybody of his melody, McCartney began writing lyrics to suit it. As Lennon and McCartney were known to do at the time, a substitute working lyric, entitled "Scrambled Eggs", was used for the song until something more suitable was written. In his biography, "Many Years From Now", McCartney recalled: "So first of all I checked this melody out, and people said to me, 'No, it's lovely, and I'm sure it's all yours.' It took me a little while to allow myself to claim it, but then like a prospector I finally staked my claim; stuck a little sign on it and said, 'Okay, it's mine!' It had no words. I used to call it 'Scrambled Eggs'."[2]
During the shooting of Help!, a piano was placed on one of the stages where filming was being conducted. McCartney would take advantage of this opportunity to perform "Scrambled Eggs" accompanied by the piano. Richard Lester, the director, was greatly annoyed by this, and eventually lost his temper, telling McCartney to finish writing the song, or he would have the piano removed.[1] McCartney's original lyrics were, "Scrambled eggs, Oh, baby how I love your legs."
McCartney originally claimed he had written "Yesterday" during The Beatles' tour of France in 1964; however, the song was not released until the summer of 1965. During the intervening time, The Beatles released two albums, Beatles for Sale and A Hard Day's Night, both of which could have included "Yesterday". Although McCartney has never elaborated his claims, it is likely that the reason for such a long delay, if it existed, was a disagreement between McCartney and George Martin regarding the song's arrangement, or, equally likely, the distaste of the other Beatles for the song.[1]
Lennon later indicated that the song had been around for a while before:
McCartney said the breakthrough with the lyrics came during a trip to Portugal in May 1965:
On 27 May 1965, McCartney and Asher flew to Lisbon for a holiday in the Algarve, and he borrowed an acoustic guitar from Bruce Welch—whose house they were staying in—and completed the work on "Yesterday".[3]
The song was offered as a demo to Chris Farlowe prior to The Beatles recording it, but he turned it down as he considered it "too soft."[4]
Recording
Two days after returning home, the track was recorded at Abbey Road Studios on the 14 June and 17 June 1965. There are conflicting accounts of how the song was recorded, the most quoted one being that McCartney recorded the song by himself, without bothering to involve the other band members.[5] Alternative sources, however, state that McCartney and the other Beatles tried a variety of instruments, including drums and an organ, and that George Martin later persuaded them to allow McCartney to play his acoustic guitar, later on editing in a string quartet for backup. If so, none of the other band members were included in the final recording.[6][7] However, the song was played with the other members of the band in a 1966 Tokyo concert.McCartney performed two takes of "Yesterday" on 14 June 1965.[8][9] Take 2 was deemed best and used as the master take. A string quartet was overdubbed on take 2 and that version was released.[9] Take 1, without the string overdub, was later released on the Anthology 2 compilation. On take 1, McCartney can be heard giving chord changes to George Harrison before starting, but George does not appear to actually play. Take 2 had two lines transposed from the first take: "There's a shadow hanging over me"/"I'm not half the man I used to be,"[8] though it seems clear that their order in take 2 was the correct one, because McCartney can be heard, in take 1, suppressing a laugh at his mistake.
Release
)
Eleven years after the U.S. release, EMI released "Yesterday" in the UK
Although McCartney had fallen in love with the song, he had a much harder time convincing the other members of the band that it was worthy of an album place, the main objection being that it did not fit in with their image, especially considering that "Yesterday" was extremely unlike other Beatles' songs at the time. This feeling was so strong that the other Beatles—Lennon, Harrison and Ringo Starr—refused to permit the release of a single in the United Kingdom.[1] This did not prevent Matt Monro from recording the first of many cover versions of "Yesterday" to come. His version made it into the top ten in the UK charts soon after its release in the autumn of 1965.[7] Other artists to perform cover versions of this song include Ray Charles, McFly and Sting.
The Beatles' influence over their U.S. record label, Capitol, was not as strong as it was over EMI's Parlophone in Britain. A single was released in the U.S., pairing "Yesterday" as the B-Side of "Act Naturally", a track which featured vocals by Ringo, the most popular Beatle in the States at that time. After the tremendous success of "Yesterday", the order in which the songs appeared on the sleeves was changed. The single was charting by 29 September 1965, and topped the charts for a full month, beginning on October 9. The song spent a remarkable total of 11 weeks in the American charts, selling a million copies within five weeks. "Yesterday" was the most-played song on American radio for eight consecutive years, its popularity refusing to abate.[10]
Meanwhile, in the UK, Help! debuted at number one on August 14 1965 (the first album ever to do so), and continued to top the charts for nine weeks.[11] According to a website, "Yesterday" was dedicated to Iris Caldwell[12] on the show "Blackpool Night Out". Her mother, Violet, told McCartney that her daughter didn't want to speak to him again because he "didn't have any feelings".[13] During this performance, McCartney sang the song and played acoustic guitar, backed by a string quartet, but not by his fellow Beatles. When The Beatles played "Yesterday" during their 1966 world tour, however, the band played the song in an alternate key of G, with their usual live instrumental lineup of McCartney on electric bass guitar, Harrison and Lennon on electric guitars, and Starr on drums.
On 4 March 1966, "Yesterday" was released as an EP in the UK, joined by "Act Naturally" on the A-side with "You Like Me Too Much" and "It's Only Love" on the B-side. By 12 March it had begun its run on the charts. On 26 March 1966, the EP went to number one, a position it held for two months.[14]
Later that same year, "Yesterday" was repackaged as the title track for the U.S.-only "Yesterday and Today", the now famous (or infamous) "Butcher Baby" album. 750,000 copies of the album, featuring as its cover a conceptual photo of the band dressed in butcher smocks and draped with pieces of meat and body parts from plastic baby dolls, were printed and stored in Capitol's various U.S. warehouses. Similar photos had already been used early as the cover to the British release of the "Paperback Writer" single and as the cover to a popular music magazine. Initial reactions by disk jockeys and store managers, who were given early release copies, was so negative that Capitol destroyed a portion of the discs and pasted new, less controversial cover photos over the remainder before the album’s release on June 14. Copies of the album with its original "Butcher Baby" cover intact or restored are highly sought-after by collectors.
Ten years later on 8 March, 1976, "Yesterday" was released by Parlophone as a single in the United Kingdom, featuring "I Should Have Known Better" on the B-side. Entering the charts on 13 March, the single stayed there for seven weeks, but it never rose higher than number 8. The release came about due to the expiration of The Beatles' contract with EMI, Parlophone's parent. EMI released as many singles by The Beatles as they could on the same day, leading to 23 of them hitting the top 100 in the United Kingdom charts, including six in the top 50.[15]
Awards, accolades and brickbats
"Yesterday" has achieved recognition as being the most recorded song in the history of popular music; its entry in the Guinness Book of Records suggests over 3000 different cover versions to date, by an eclectic mix of artists including Joan Baez, Liberace, Frank Sinatra, Ray Charles, Wet Wet Wet, Plácido Domingo, The Head Shop, and Boyz II Men.[16] In 1976, David Essex did a cover version of the song for the ephemeral musical documentary All This and World War II. After Muzak switched in the 1990s to programs based on commercial recordings, Muzak's inventory grew to include about 500 "Yesterday" covers.[17] At the 2006 Grammy Awards, McCartney performed the song live as a mash-up with Linkin Park and Jay-Z's Numb/Encore."Yesterday" won the Ivor Novello Award for 'Outstanding Song of 1965', and came second for 'Most Performed Work of the Year', losing out to another McCartney composition, "Michelle". The song has received its fair share of acclaim in recent times as well, ranking 13th on Rolling Stone's 2004 list The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.[18] In 1999, Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) placed "Yesterday" third on their list of songs of the 20th century most performed on American radio and television, with approximately seven million performances. "Yesterday" was surpassed only by The Association's "Never My Love" and the Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Loving Feeling".[19]
"Yesterday," however, has also been criticised for being mundane and mawkish; Bob Dylan had a marked dislike for the song, stating that "If you go into the Library of Congress, you can find a lot better than that. There are millions of songs like 'Michelle' and 'Yesterday' written in Tin Pan Alley". Ironically, Dylan ultimately recorded his own version of "Yesterday" four years later, but it was never released.[6]
Shortly before his death in 1980, Lennon explained that he thought the lyrics didn't "resolve into any sense... They're good — but if you read the whole song, it doesn't say anything; you don't know what happened. She left and he wishes it were yesterday — that much you get — but it doesn't really resolve. ... Beautiful — and I never wished I'd written it."[20]
Music and lyrics
The tonic key of the song is F major (although, since McCartney tuned his guitar down a whole step, he was playing the chords as if it were in G), where the song begins before veering off into the relative minor key of D minor. It is this frequent use of the minor, and the ii-V7 chord progression (Em7 and A7 chords in this case) leading into it, that gives the song its melancholy aura. The A7 chord is an example of a secondary dominant, specifically a V/vi chord. The G7 chord in the bridge is another secondary dominant, in this case a V/V chord, but rather than resolve it to the expected chord, as with the A7 to Dm in the verse, McCartney instead follows it with the IV chord, a Bb. This motion creates a descending chromatic line of C B Bb A to accompany the title lyric.The string arrangement supplements the song's air of sadness, especially in the groaning cello melody that connects the two halves of the bridge (on the line, "I don't know / she wouldn't say") as well as the descending line by the viola that segues the chorus back into the verses. This simple idea is so striking, McCartney mimics it with his vocal on the second pass of the chorus.[21] This viola line and the high A sustained by the violin over the final verse are the only elements of the string arrangement attributable to McCartney rather than George Martin.
An unusual aspect of this song is that its first phrase is only seven measures instead of the customary eight measures found in most all popular music. The use of the IV to I cadence (called a plagal or "Amen" cadence) at the end of this first phrase results in the seven measure phrase sounding perfectly natural and almost religious in nature.
McCartney's eventual lyric for the song was sombre and fitted the reflective melody. Although the lyric is rather vague, it could be interpreted to reveal sadness about a lost loved one. Most believe that it revealed sadness about a breakup, while some believe that there is an obscure connection to this song with the death of his mother when he was a teenager. When the song was written, the lyric was considered unusual for a McCartney composition. Until then, most of McCartney's songs had been positive and upbeat; Lennon was considered the Beatle with the more introspective and sad lyrics.
When the song was performed on The Ed Sullivan Show, it was done in the above-mentioned key of F, with McCartney as the only Beatle to perform, and the studio orchestra providing the string accompaniment. However, all of The Beatles played in a G-major version which was used in the Tokyo concerts during their 1966 tours.
When McCartney appeared on "The Howard Stern Show", he stated that he owns the original lyrics to "Yesterday" written on the back of an envelope.
In July 2003, British musicologists stumbled upon similarities between the lyric and rhyming schemes of "Yesterday" and Nat King Cole's "Answer Me", leading to speculation that McCartney had been influenced by the song. McCartney's publicists denied any resemblance between "Answer Me" and "Yesterday".[22] From the story:
| Insert the text of the quote here, without quotation marks. |
Ian Hammond speculated that McCartney subconsciously based "Yesterday" on Ray Charles' version of "Georgia On My Mind," but closed his article by saying that despite the similarities"Yesterday" is a "completely original and individual [work]."[22]
In 2006, Italian producer and songwriter Lilli Greco claimed "Yesterday" to be a cover of a 19th century Neapolitan song called Piccere' Che Vene a Dicere'. In the same article, Greco claimed that McCartney and Lennon had an "encyclopaedic knowledge" of world music and were particularly fond of Neapolitan songs.[23] Neither Lennon nor McCartney could read sheet music, and the article does not indicate when—or if—McCartney or Lennon heard a performance of the song.
| Preceded by "Hang On Sloopy" by The McCoys | Billboard Hot 100 number one single October 9, 1965 (4 weeks) | Succeeded by "Get Off of My Cloud" by The Rolling Stones |
References
1. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). BEATLES SONGS - Y. Retrieved on 2004-12-09. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
2. ^ Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 201–202. ISBN 0-8050-5249-6.
3. ^ Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now, 204–205.
4. ^ Simon Napier-Bell, Black Vinyl, White Powder, 100.
5. ^ Ortiz, Marcos (2005). Marcos' Beatles Page - Yesterday. Retrieved on 2006-01-14.
6. ^ Mallick, Heather (2000-11-22). Past Perfect. The Globe and Mail.
7. ^ Unterberger, Richie. Review of Yesterday. Retrieved on 2006-01-14.
8. ^ (1994) Album notes for Anthology 2 by The Beatles, 10 [booklet]. London: Apple Records (31796).
9. ^ Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books, 59. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
10. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). AMERICAN SINGLES. Retrieved on 2004-12-09. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
11. ^ Cross, Craig (2006). BRITISH ALBUMS. Retrieved on 2004-01-14. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
12. ^ Iris Caldwell was a girlfriend of McCartney from several years before "Yesterday" was written
13. ^ Iris Caldwell. Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
14. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). BRITISH EPS. Retrieved on 2006-01-14. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
15. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). BRITISH SINGLES. Retrieved on 2004-12-09. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
16. ^ Most Recorded Song. Guiness World Records. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
17. ^ The Soundtrack of Your Life. The New Yorker (2006-04-10). Retrieved on 2006-04-18.
18. ^ The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
19. ^ BMI Announces Top 100 Songs of the Century. BMI. Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
20. ^ The Beatles Interview Database. Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
21. ^ Pollack, Alan W (1993). Notes on "Yesterday". Retrieved on 2006-01-14.
22. ^ King Cole 'influenced' Beatles hit. BBC News (2003-07-07).
23. ^ McCartney's 'Yesterday' a cover of a 19th century Neapolitan song?. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.
2. ^ Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 201–202. ISBN 0-8050-5249-6.
3. ^ Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now, 204–205.
4. ^ Simon Napier-Bell, Black Vinyl, White Powder, 100.
5. ^ Ortiz, Marcos (2005). Marcos' Beatles Page - Yesterday. Retrieved on 2006-01-14.
6. ^ Mallick, Heather (2000-11-22). Past Perfect. The Globe and Mail.
7. ^ Unterberger, Richie. Review of Yesterday. Retrieved on 2006-01-14.
8. ^ (1994) Album notes for Anthology 2 by The Beatles, 10 [booklet]. London: Apple Records (31796).
9. ^ Lewisohn, Mark (1988). The Beatles Recording Sessions. New York: Harmony Books, 59. ISBN 0-517-57066-1.
10. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). AMERICAN SINGLES. Retrieved on 2004-12-09. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
11. ^ Cross, Craig (2006). BRITISH ALBUMS. Retrieved on 2004-01-14. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
12. ^ Iris Caldwell was a girlfriend of McCartney from several years before "Yesterday" was written
13. ^ Iris Caldwell. Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
14. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). BRITISH EPS. Retrieved on 2006-01-14. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
15. ^ Cross, Craig (2004). BRITISH SINGLES. Retrieved on 2004-12-09. (broken link as of 2007-03-09)
16. ^ Most Recorded Song. Guiness World Records. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
17. ^ The Soundtrack of Your Life. The New Yorker (2006-04-10). Retrieved on 2006-04-18.
18. ^ The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
19. ^ BMI Announces Top 100 Songs of the Century. BMI. Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
20. ^ The Beatles Interview Database. Retrieved on 2007-03-09.
21. ^ Pollack, Alan W (1993). Notes on "Yesterday". Retrieved on 2006-01-14.
22. ^ King Cole 'influenced' Beatles hit. BBC News (2003-07-07).
23. ^ McCartney's 'Yesterday' a cover of a 19th century Neapolitan song?. Retrieved on 2007-03-10.
External links
| The Beatles Singles |
|---|
| Singles (UK - Parlophone, Apple Records) |
| 1962: Love Me Do 1963: Please Please Me, From Me to You, She Loves You, I Want to Hold Your Hand 1964: Can't Buy Me Love, A Hard Day's Night, I Feel Fine 1965: Ticket to Ride, Help!, Day Tripper / We Can Work It Out 1966: Paperback Writer, Eleanor Rigby / Yellow Submarine 1967: Strawberry Fields Forever / Penny Lane, All You Need Is Love, Hello Goodbye 1968: Lady Madonna, Hey Jude 1969: Get Back / Don't Let Me Down, Ballad of John and Yoko, Something / Come Together 1970: Let It Be 1976: Yesterday, Back in the U.S.S.R. 1978: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band / A Day in the Life • 1982: The Beatles Movie Medley, Love Me Do (reissue) 1995: Baby It's You, Free as a Bird 1996: Real Love |
| B-sides |
| 1962: P.S. I Love You 1963: Ask Me Why, Thank You Girl, I'll Get You, This Boy 1964: You Can't Do That, Things We Said Today, She's a Woman 1965: Yes It Is, I'm Down 1966: Rain 1967: Baby You're a Rich Man, I Am the Walrus 1968: The Inner Light, Revolution 1969: Old Brown Shoe 1970: You Know My Name (Look up the Number) 1976: I Should Have Known Better, Twist and Shout 1982: I'm Happy Just to Dance with You, P.S. I Love You (reissue) 1995: I'll Follow the Sun / Devil in Her Heart / Boys, Christmas Time (Is Here Again) 1996: Baby's in Black |
| Singles (U.S. - Capitol Records, Apple Records) |
| 1963: I Want to Hold Your Hand 1964: Can't Buy Me Love, A Hard Day's Night, I'll Cry Instead, And I Love Her, Matchbox, I Feel Fine 1965: Eight Days a Week, Ticket to Ride, Help!, Yesterday, We Can Work It Out / Day Tripper 1966: Nowhere Man, Paperback Writer, Eleanor Rigby / Yellow Submarine 1967: Penny Lane / Strawberry Fields Forever, All You Need Is Love, Hello, Goodbye 1968: Lady Madonna, Hey Jude 1969: Get Back / Don't Let Me Down, Ballad of John and Yoko, Something / Come Together 1970: Let It Be, The Long and Winding Road 1976: Got to Get You into My Life 1978: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band / A Day in the Life 1982: The Beatles Movie Medley 1986: Twist and Shout 1995: Baby It's You, Free as a Bird 1996: Real Love |
| B-sides |
| 1963: I Saw Her Standing There 1964: You Can't Do That, I Should Have Known Better, I'm Happy Just to Dance with You, If I Fell, Slow Down, She's a Woman 1965: I Don't Want to Spoil the Party, Yes It Is, I'm Down, Act Naturally 1966: What Goes On, Rain 1967: Baby You're a Rich Man, I Am the Walrus 1968: The Inner Light, Revolution 1969: Old Brown Shoe 1970: You Know My Name (Look up the Number), For You Blue 1976: Helter Skelter 1982: I'm Happy Just to Dance with You 1986: There's a Place 1995: I'll Follow the Sun / Devil in Her Heart / Boys, I Saw Her Standing There / This Boy / Christmas Time (Is Here Again) 1996: Baby's in Black / Yellow Submarine / Here, There and Everywhere |
The Beatles | |
|---|---|
| Members | John Lennon Paul McCartney George Harrison Ringo Starr Pete Best Stuart Sutcliffe |
| Management | Allan Williams Brian Epstein Allen Klein Lee Eastman Neil Aspinall Mal Evans Alistair Taylor Apple Records |
| Production | George Martin Geoff Emerick Norman Smith Ken Scott Phil Spector Jeff Lynne Abbey Road Studios |
| Official studio albums | Please Please Me (1963) With The Beatles (1963) A Hard Day's Night (1964) Beatles for Sale (1964) Help! (1965) Rubber Soul (1965) Revolver (1966) Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967) Magical Mystery Tour (U.S., 1967 / U.K., 1976) The Beatles (The White Album) (1968) Yellow Submarine (1969) Abbey Road (1969) Let It Be (1970) |
| Official post-breakup albums | Live at the BBC (1994) Anthology 1 (1995) Anthology 2 (1996) Anthology 3 (1996) Yellow Submarine Songtrack (1999) Let It Be… Naked (2003) |
| Official compilations | 1962–1966 (1973) 1967–1970 (1973) Past Masters, Volume One (1988) Past Masters, Volume Two (1988) 1 (2000) Love (2006) |
| Filmography | A Hard Day's Night (1964) Help! (1965) Magical Mystery Tour (1967) Yellow Submarine (1968) Let It Be (1970) |
| Videography | The Compleat Beatles (1984) The Beatles Anthology (2003) (2003) |
| Line-ups Bootlegs Discography Love (Cirque du Soleil) Lennon/McCartney Influence Beatle boots The Quarrymen The Beatles' breakup London Beatlemania Fifth Beatle Paul is dead The Beatles (TV series) British Invasion Apple Corps Northern Songs The Beatles Anthology Yoko Ono Linda McCartney Cynthia Lennon Billy Preston Tony Sheridan Chas Newby Andy White Jimmy Nicol Astrid Kirchherr Klaus Voormann | |
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In music, a single is a short recording of one or more separate tracks. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats.
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- Vinyl singles consist of one or more tracks on a traditional gramophone record.
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The Beatles were an English musical group from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands in the history of popular music.
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Help!
(1965) Rubber Soul
(1965)
Help!, is the fifth album by The Beatles, and the soundtrack album from their film of the same name, Help!.
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(1965) Rubber Soul
(1965)
Help!, is the fifth album by The Beatles, and the soundtrack album from their film of the same name, Help!.
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Yesterday and Today
(1966) Revolver
(1966)
Yesterday and Today (rendered as "Yesterday" …and Today on the record label and in most published discographies) is the ninth Capitol release by the The Beatles, and was issued
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(1966) Revolver
(1966)
Yesterday and Today (rendered as "Yesterday" …and Today on the record label and in most published discographies) is the ninth Capitol release by the The Beatles, and was issued
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A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 7 inch vinyl records on which singles were released beginning in the 1950s. The terms have come to refer to the types of song conventionally placed on each side of the record, with the A-side being the featured song (the one that
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Released March 11, 1963
Format 7"
Recorded Capitol Studios, Hollywood, Calif., February 12, 1963
Genre Country
Length 2:19
Label Capitol
Writer(s) Russell/Morrison
Producer(s) Ken Nelson
"Act Naturally"
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Format 7"
Recorded Capitol Studios, Hollywood, Calif., February 12, 1963
Genre Country
Length 2:19
Label Capitol
Writer(s) Russell/Morrison
Producer(s) Ken Nelson
"Act Naturally"
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A-side(s) "Yesterday"
Released March 8, 1976
Format vinyl record (7", 12")
Recorded Abbey Road Studios
February 25–26, 1964
Genre Pop
Length 02:44
Label Capitol Records (US)
Parlophone/EMI (UK)
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Released March 8, 1976
Format vinyl record (7", 12")
Recorded Abbey Road Studios
February 25–26, 1964
Genre Pop
Length 02:44
Label Capitol Records (US)
Parlophone/EMI (UK)
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September 13 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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Events
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968
Year 1965 (MCMLXV
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1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968
Year 1965 (MCMLXV
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March 4 was Inauguration Day for the President of the United States. Beginning in 1937, Inauguration Day has been January 20.
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Events
- 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title princeps iuventutis (head of the youth).
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1963 1964 1965 - 1966 - 1967 1968 1969
Year 1966 (MCMLXVI
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1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1963 1964 1965 - 1966 - 1967 1968 1969
Year 1966 (MCMLXVI
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- See also International Women's Day
March 8 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s
1973 1974 1975 - 1976 - 1977 1978 1979
Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI
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1940s 1950s 1960s - 1970s - 1980s 1990s 2000s
1973 1974 1975 - 1976 - 1977 1978 1979
Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI
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gramophone record (also phonograph record, or simply record) is an analogue sound storage medium consisting of a flat disc with an inscribed modulated spiral groove starting near the periphery and ending near the center of the disc.
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June 14 is the 1st day of the year (2nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 0 days remaining.
In common years it is always in ISO week 24.
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In common years it is always in ISO week 24.
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19th century - 20th century - 21st century
1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968
Year 1965 (MCMLXV
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1930s 1940s 1950s - 1960s - 1970s 1980s 1990s
1962 1963 1964 - 1965 - 1966 1967 1968
Year 1965 (MCMLXV
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A music genre is a term that describes the process of dividing popular music into categories. Some treat the terms genre and style as the same, and state that genre should be defined as pieces of music that share a certain style or "basic musical language.
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This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims.
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Please help Wikipedia by adding references. See the for details.
This article has been tagged since October 2007.
This article has been tagged since October 2007.
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In the music industry, a record label is a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. In everyday usage, a record label is also a company that manages such brands and trademarks; coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution,
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Capitol Records is a major United States-based record label, owned by EMI, located in Hollywood, California. Its headquarters building, the Capitol Tower, is a major landmark near the corner of Hollywood and Vine.
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Parlophone is a record label, founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company. The ₤ trademark may resemble the British pound sign (£), but it is actually a German L, for Lindström.
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EMI Group PLC
Public (LSE: EMI )
Founded 1931
Headquarters London, England, UK
Key people Eric Nicoli, CEO
Martin Stewart, CFO
Industry Music
Revenue £2.07 billion (2006)
Net income £724.
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Public (LSE: EMI )
Founded 1931
Headquarters London, England, UK
Key people Eric Nicoli, CEO
Martin Stewart, CFO
Industry Music
Revenue £2.07 billion (2006)
Net income £724.
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A songwriter is someone who writes the lyrics to songs, the musical composition or melody to songs, or both. That is to say, a songwriter is a lyricist, a composer, or both.
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The songwriting partnership of John Lennon and Paul McCartney, usually referred to as Lennon/McCartney (sometimes McCartney/Lennon), is one of the best-known and most successful musical collaborations of all time.
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In the music industry, a record producer (or music producer) has many roles, among them controlling the recording sessions, coaching and guiding the musicians, organizing and scheduling production budget and resources, and supervising the recording, mixing and mastering
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Sir George Henry Martin CBE (born 3 January 1926 in Highbury, London, England) is sometimes referred to as "the Fifth Beatle"—a title that he owes to his work as producer of almost all of The Beatles' records.
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__NOEDITSECTION__ A record chart, also known as a music chart, is a method of ranking music according to popularity during a given period of time. Examples of record charts are the Hit parade, Hot 100 or Top 40.
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the United States music industry standard singles popularity chart issued weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on airplay and sales; the tracking-week for sales begins on Monday and ends on Sunday; while the airplay
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The CHUM Chart was a ranking of top 30 (and, until August 1968, the top 50) songs on Toronto, Canada, radio station CHUM 1050 AM, from 1957 to 1986, and was the longest-running Top 40 chart in the world produced by an individual radio station.
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The Beatles were an English musical group from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands in the history of popular music.
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