chytrid

Information about chytrid

Chytridiomycota

Scientific classification
Kingdom:Fungi
Phylum:Chytridiomycota
M.J. Powell 2007[1]
Type species
Chytridium spp.
A. Braun, 1851
Classes


Chytridiomycetes
Monoblepharidomycetes
Chytridiomycota is a phylum of the Fungi kingdom. The name refers to the chytridium (from the Greek chytridion, meaning "little pot"): the structure containing unreleased spores. In older classifications, chytrids (except the recently established order Spizellomycetales) were placed in the Class Phycomycetes under the Subdivision Myxomycophyta of the Kingdom Fungi. Also, in an older and more restricted sense (not used here), the term "chytrids" referred just to those fungi in the order Chytridiales.

The chytrids are the most primitive of the fungi and are mostly saprobic (degrading chitin and keratin). Many chytrids are aquatic (mostly found in fresh water). There are approximately 1,000 chytrid species, in 127 genera, distributed among 5 orders.

Both zoospores and gametes of the chytrids are mobile by their flagella, one whiplash per individual. The thalli are coenocytic and usually form no true mycelium (having rhizoids instead). Some species are unicellular. Like other fungi, the cell wall in chytrids is composed of chitin.

Some chytrid species are known to kill amphibians in large numbers. The actual process, however, is unknown. The infection is referred to as chytridiomycosis. Decline in frog populations led to the discovery of chytridomycosis in 1998 in Australia and Panama. Chytrids may also infect plant species; in particular, maize-attacking and alfalfa-attacking species have been described. Synchytrium endobioticum is an important potato pathogen.

The earliest fossils of chytrids are from the Scottish Rhynie chert, a Devonian-age locality with anatomical preservation of plants and fungi. Among the microfossils are chytrids preserved as parasites on rhyniophytes. These fossils closely resemble the genus Allomyces.[2]

References

1. ^ Hibbett, D.S., et al. (Mar 2007). "A higher level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi". Mycol. Res. 111 (5): 509-547. DOI:doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004. 
2. ^ Taylor, T.N.; W. Remy, & H. Hass. (1994). "Allomyces in the Devonian". Nature 367: 601. 

External links

Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
..... Click the link for more information.
Eukarya
Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
(unranked) Opisthokonta

Kingdom: Fungi
(L., 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980[1]

Subkingdom/Phyla

Chytridiomycota
Blastocladiomycota

..... Click the link for more information.
In biology, a type is that which fixes a name to a taxon. Depending on the nomenclature code which is applied to the organism in question, a type may be a specimen, culture, illustration, description or taxon.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chytridiomycetes
Caval.-Sm[1]

Type species
Chytridium spp.
A. Braun, 1851

Orders

Chytridiales
Rhizophydiales
Spizellomycetales

Chytridiomycetes
..... Click the link for more information.
Monoblepharidomycetes
J.H. Shaffn. 1909[1])

Type species
Monoblepharis spp.
Cornu 1871

Orders
Monoblepharidales

Members of the Monoblepharidomycetes
..... Click the link for more information.
phylum (Greek Φῦλον plural: Φῦλα phyla) is a taxon in the rank below kingdom and above class.
..... Click the link for more information.
Eukarya
Whittaker & Margulis, 1978
(unranked) Opisthokonta

Kingdom: Fungi
(L., 1753) R.T. Moore, 1980[1]

Subkingdom/Phyla

Chytridiomycota
Blastocladiomycota

..... Click the link for more information.
kingdom or regnum is a taxon in either (historically) the highest rank, or (in the new three-domain system) the rank below domain. Each kingdom is divided into smaller groups called phyla (or in some contexts these are called "divisions").
..... Click the link for more information.
Greek}}} 
Writing system: Greek alphabet 
Official status
Official language of:  Greece
 Cyprus
 European Union
recognised as minority language in parts of:
 European Union
 Italy
 Turkey
Regulated by:
..... Click the link for more information.
spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersion and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, fungi and some protozoans.
..... Click the link for more information.
Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. Scientific classification also can be called scientific taxonomy, but should be distinguished from folk taxonomy, which lacks scientific basis.
..... Click the link for more information.
order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
..... Click the link for more information.
Spizellomycetales
D.J.S. Barr 1980[1]

Spizellomycetales is an order of fungi that include the following genra:
  • Spizellomyces D.J.S. Barr 1980
  • Powellomyces Longcore, D.J.S. Barr & Désauln.

..... Click the link for more information.
order (Latin: ordo, plural ordines) is a rank between class and family (termed a taxon at that rank). The superorder is a rank between class and order. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Code which applies.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chytridiales
Cohn[1]

Type species
Chytridium spp.
A. Braun, 1851

Fungi of the order Chytridiales, like other members of its phylum, may either have a monocentric thallus or be polycentric rhizomycelial.
..... Click the link for more information.
A saprotroph (or saprobe) is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n (IPA: [ˈkaɪtn̩]) is a long-chain polymer of beta-glucose that forms a hard, semitransparent material found throughout the natural world.
..... Click the link for more information.
Keratins are a family of fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble, they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals. They are rivaled as biological materials in toughness only by chitin.
..... Click the link for more information.
Aquatic plants — also called hydrophytic plants or hydrophytes — are plants that have adapted to living in or on aquatic environments. Because living on or under the water surface requires numerous special adaptations, aquatic plants can only grow in
..... Click the link for more information.
Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve.
..... Click the link for more information.
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore utilizing a flagellum for locomotion. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some algae and fungi to propagate themselves.
..... Click the link for more information.
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετης; translated gamete = wife, gametes = husband) is a cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilisation (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually.
..... Click the link for more information.
For the insect anatomical structure, see .
A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a long, slender projection from the cell body, composed of microtubules and surrounded by the plasma membrane.
..... Click the link for more information.
Thallus, from Latinized Greek θαλλος (thallos), meaning a green shoot or twig, is an undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some non-mobile organisms, which were previously known as the thallophytes.
..... Click the link for more information.
A coenocyte is a multinucleate cell. It can result from multiple nuclear divisions without accompanying cell divisions, or from cellular aggregation followed by dissolution of the cell membranes inside the mass.
..... Click the link for more information.
Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae. The mass of hyphae is sometimes called shiro, especially within the fairy ring fungi. Fungal colonies composed of mycelia are found in soil and on or in many other substrates.
..... Click the link for more information.
Rhizoids are a structure in plants and fungi that functions like a root in support or absorption.

In fungi, rhizoids are small branching hyphae that grow downwards from the stolons that anchor the fungus. They release digestive enzymes and absorb digested organic material.
..... Click the link for more information.
microorganism (also spelled as microrganism) or microbe is an organism that is microscopic (too small to be seen by the human eye). The study of microorganisms is called microbiology.
..... Click the link for more information.
cell wall is a fairly rigid layer surrounding a cell, located external to the cell membrane, which provides the cell with structural support, protection, and acts as a filtering mechanism. The cell wall also prevents over-expansion when water enters the cell.
..... Click the link for more information.
Chitin (C8H13O5N)n (IPA: [ˈkaɪtn̩]) is a long-chain polymer of beta-glucose that forms a hard, semitransparent material found throughout the natural world.
..... Click the link for more information.

This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia.org - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of the wikipedia encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.