Ethnomusicology, formerly comparative musicology, is cultural musicology or the study of music in its cultural context. Formed from the Greek words ethnos (nation) and mousike (music), it can be considered the anthropology or ethnography of music. Jeff Todd Titon has called it the study of "people making music". It is often thought of as a study of non-Western musics, but can include the study of Western music from an anthropological perspective. Bruno Nettl (1983) believes it is a product of Western thinking, proclaiming "ethnomusicology as western culture knows it is actually a western phenomenon." ^[1]

History

While musicology contends to be purely about music itself, ethnomusicologists are more often interested in considering the music they study within a wider cultural context. Ethnomusicology as it emerged in the late 19th century and early 20th century, practiced by people such as Béla Bartók, Zoltán Kodály, Constantin Brǎiloiu, Vinko Zganec, Franjo Ksaver, Carl Stumpf, Erich von Hornbostel, Curt Sachs and Alexander J. Ellis, tended to focus on non-European music of an oral tradition, but in more recent years the field has expanded to embrace all musical styles from all parts of the world.

Methods

Ethnomusicologists apply theories and methods from cultural anthropology as well as other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. Some ethnomusicological works are created not necessarily by 'ethnomusicologists' proper, but instead by anthropologists examining music as an aspect of a culture. A well-known example of such work is Colin Turnbull's study of the Mbuti pygmies. Another example is Jaime de Angulo, a linguist who ended up learning much about the music of the Indians of Northern California.^[2] Yet another is Anthony Seeger, professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who studied the music and society of the Suya people in Mato Grosso, Brazil.^[3]

Important centers for ethnomusicological study are Indiana University which was the first University in the Unites States to formally teach the subject, the Universities of California at Los Angeles, which was the first to feature an active performance program, and Santa Barbara, Columbia University, Brown University, Wesleyan University, the University of Hawai'i, the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research at University of Zagreb, Croatia, and the School of Oriental and African Studies, at University of London.

With regard to African music, Paul Berliner, Andrew Tracey, Kofi Agawu, Michelle Kisliuk, Veit Erlmann, Gregory Barz, Carol Muller, and Hugh Tracey are well known, the latter being the founder of the International Library of African Music.

See also

• World music

External links

• The Society for Ethnomusicology
• SIL publications on Ethnomusicology listed by country
• Irish World Academy of Music and Dance
• Ethnomusicological study of African Pygmies
• ILAM International Library of African Music
• Links: Ethnomusicology, Folk Music, and World Music (University of Washington)
• Aesthetic Realism: A New Foundation for Interdisciplinary Musicology
• University of Washington Digital Collections – Ethnomusicology Musical Instrument Collection Images of musical instruments from around the world.
• Smithsonian Global Sound Library Track samples and purchases available
• International Council of Ethnodoxologists
• Review of Nettl's 2005 revised edition of "The Study of Ethnomusicology"
• Discovering the Music of Africa

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