Fibularis longus

Information about Fibularis longus

Peroneus longus
Lateral aspect of right leg.
The mucous sheaths of the tendons around the ankle. Lateral aspect. (Peroneus longus labeled at lower left.)
Latinmusculus peroneus longus
subject #129 486
Origin:fibula
Insertion:first metatarsal, medial cuneiform
Artery:fibular (peroneal) artery
Nerve:Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
Action:plantarflexion, eversion
Antagonist:Tibialis anterior muscle
Dorlands/Elsevier m_22/12549005
In human anatomy, the peroneus longus (also known as fibularis longus) is a superficial muscle in the lateral compartment of the leg, and acts to evert and plantar flex the ankle.

It is situated at the upper part of the lateral side of the leg, and is the most superficial of the three peroneus muscles.

It is innervated by the superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve).

Etymology

The terms Peroneus (i.e., Longus and Brevis) and Peroneal (i.e., Artery, Retinaculum) are derived from the Greek word Perone (pronounced Pair-uh-knee) meaning pin of a brooch or a buckle. In medical terminology, both terms refer to being of or relating to the fibula or to the outer portion of the leg.

Origin and insertion

It is attached proximally to the head of the fibula and its 'belly' runs down most of this bone. It becomes a tendon that goes posteriorly around the lateral malleolus of the ankle, then continues under the foot to attach to the 1st metatarsal.

It arises from the head and upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the body of the fibula, from the deep surface of the fascia, and from the intermuscular septa between it and the muscles on the front and back of the leg; occasionally also by a few fibers from the lateral condyle of the tibia. Between its attachments to the head and to the body of the fibula there is a gap through which the common peroneal nerve passes to the front of the leg.

It ends in a long tendon, which runs behind the lateral malleolus, in a groove common to it and the tendon of the Peronæus brevis; the groove is converted into a canal by the superior peroneal retinaculum, and the tendons in it are contained in a common mucous sheath.

The tendon then extends obliquely forward across the lateral side of the calcaneus, below the trochlear process, and the tendon of the peroneus brevis, and under cover of the inferior peroneal retinaculum.

It crosses the lateral side of the cuboid, and then runs on the under surface of that bone in a groove which is converted into a canal by the long plantar ligament; the tendon then crosses the sole of the foot obliquely, and is inserted into the lateral side of the base of the first metatarsal bone and the lateral side of the medial cuneiform.

Occasionally it sends a slip to the base of the second metatarsal bone.

The tendon changes its direction at two points: first, behind the lateral malleolus; secondly, on the cuboid bone; in both of these situations the tendon is thickened, and, in the latter, a sesamoid fibrocartilage (sometimes a bone), is usually developed in its substance.

Actions

The Peronæi longus and brevis extend the foot upon the leg, in conjunction with the Tibialis posterior, antagonizing the Tibialis anterior and Peronæus tertius, which are flexors of the foot.

The Peronæus longus also everts the sole of the foot, and from the oblique direction of the tendon across the sole of the foot is an important agent in the maintenance of the transverse arch.

Taking their fixed points below, the Peronæi serve to steady the leg upon the foot.

This is especially the case in standing upon one leg, when the tendency of the superincumbent weight is to throw the leg medialward; the Peronæus longus overcomes this tendency by drawing on the lateral side of the leg.

Additional images


Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface.

Left calcaneus, inferior surface.

Left calcaneus, lateral surface.

Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.

Cross-section through middle of leg.

The popliteal, posterior tibial, and peroneal arteries.

Deep nerves of the front of the leg.

Back of left lower extremity.


See also

External links

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.
 •  • [ e]
Muscles of lower limbs
ILIAC REGION/ILIOPSOASpsoas major - psoas minor - iliacus
BUTTOCKSgluteals: (maximus, medius, minimus) - tensor fasciae latae
lateral rotator group: piriformis - obturator externus - obturator internus - inferior gemellus - superior gemellus - quadratus femoris
THIGHanterior compartment: sartorius - quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis) - articularis genu
medial compartment/adductor: gracilis - pectineus - adductor brevis - adductor longus - adductor magnus
posterior compartment/hamstring: biceps femoris - semitendinosus, semimembranosus
LEGanterior compartment: tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus - fibularis tertius
posterior compartment: superficial - calf/triceps surae (gastrocnemius, soleus) - plantaris deep - popliteus - tarsal tunnel (flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorum longus - tibialis posterior)
lateral compartment: fibularis muscles (longus - brevis)
FOOTdorsal - extensor digitorum brevis - extensor hallucis brevis
plantar first layer - abductor hallucis - flexor digitorum brevis - abductor digiti minimi
plantar second layer - quadratus plantae - lumbrical muscle
plantar third layer - flexor hallucis brevis - adductor hallucis - flexor digiti minimi brevis
plantar fourth layer - dorsal interossei - plantar interossei
Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
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For other uses see fibula (disambiguation)


The fibula or calf bone is a bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below.
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bold refer to the diagram at right.)

In the skull (8):
  • 1-9. cranium
  • 7. mandible
''In the middle ears (6):
  • malleus
  • incus
  • stapes
In the throat (1):
  • hyoid
In the shoulder girdle (4):
..... Click the link for more information.
The first metatarsal bone is remarkable for its great thickness, and is the shortest of the metatarsal bones.

The body is strong, and of well-marked prismoid form.
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The medial cuneiform (also known as first cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms.

It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal.
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Arteries are muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.[1] All arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary and umbilical arteries, carry oxygenated blood.

The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life.
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In anatomy, the fibular artery (also known as the peroneal artery) supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery.
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  • Accessory nerve
  • Accessory obturator nerve
  • Alderman's nerve
  • Anococcygeal nerve
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Anterior interosseous nerve
  • Anterior superior alveolar nerve
  • Aortic plexus
  • Auerbach's plexus
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Axillary nerve

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The superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve) innervates the Peronei longus and brevis and the skin over the greater part of the dorsum of the foot (with the exception of the first web space, which is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve).
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Kinesiology is the scientific study of the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of body movement, especially in humans. [1] The word kinesiology is derived the Greek "kinesis" (motion) + the suffix -ology or -logy from the greek "logos" or "logia"(meaning a field of study).
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Plantarflexion is the movement which increases the angle between the foot and the leg, as when depressing an automobile pedal. The word "Plantar" translates as "toward the sole" ("Planta").

The movement in the opposite direction is Dorsiflexion.
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Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis evert.[1]

References

1. ^ [1]

External links

  • Overview at upstate.

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An antagonist is a kind of muscle that acts in opposition to the movement generated by the agonist and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position.

Antagonistic pairs in houses

These antagonistic muscles are found in pairs called antagonistic pairs.
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In human anatomy, the tibialis anterior is a muscle in the shin that spans the length of the tibia. It originates in the upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and inserts into the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the foot.
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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MUSCLE (multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation) is public domain, multiple sequence alignment software for protein and nucleotide sequences.
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fascial compartments, and are formed by tough connective tissue septa.

These compartments usually have a separate nerve and blood supply to their neighbours. The muscles in each compartment will often all be supplied by the same nerve.
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Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane.

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis evert.[1]

References

1. ^ [1]

External links

  • Overview at upstate.

..... Click the link for more information.
Plantarflexion is the movement which increases the angle between the foot and the leg, as when depressing an automobile pedal. The word "Plantar" translates as "toward the sole" ("Planta").

The movement in the opposite direction is Dorsiflexion.
..... Click the link for more information.
ankle joint is formed where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot.
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The Fibularis muscles (also peronæus) are a group of three muscles fibularis (peronæus) longus, brevis, and tertius originating on the Fibula and inserting on the metatarsals.
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The superficial fibular nerve (superficial peroneal nerve) innervates the Peronei longus and brevis and the skin over the greater part of the dorsum of the foot (with the exception of the first web space, which is innervated by the deep peroneal nerve).
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The upper extremity or head of the fibula is of an irregular quadrate form, presenting above a flattened articular surface, directed upward, forward, and medialward, for articulation with a corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the tibia.
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The lower extremity (distal extremity; external malleolus) of the fibula is of a pyramidal form, and somewhat flattened from side to side; it descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus.
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ankle joint is formed where the foot and the leg meet. The ankle, or talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus bone in the foot.
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The metatarsus consists of the five long bones of the foot, which are numbered from the medial side (ossa metatarsalia I.-V.); each presents for examination a body and two extremities. These are analogous to the metacarpals of the hand.
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Lateral condyle can refer to:
  • Lateral condyle of tibia
  • Lateral condyle of femur
  • Lateral condyle on metatarsal

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tibia is the larger of the two bones in the leg below the knee in vertebrates.

In humans

The tibia or shin bone, in human anatomy, is found medial (towards the middle) and anterior (towards the front) to the other such bone, the fibula.
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The lower extremity (distal extremity; external malleolus) of the fibula is of a pyramidal form, and somewhat flattened from side to side; it descends to a lower level than the medial malleolus.
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