Glottal stop

Information about Glottal stop

This article is about the sound. For the letter, see glottal stop (letter).

IPA – number	113
IPA – text	ʔ
IPA – image
Entity	ʔ
X-SAMPA	`?`
Kirshenbaum	`?`
Sound sample (helpinfo)

The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʔ. The glottal stop is the sound made when the vocal cords are pressed together to stop the flow of air and then released; for example, the break separating the syllables of the interjection uh-oh.

Features

Features of the glottal stop:

Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is glottal which means it is articulated by the vocal folds.
Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
Because it is pronounced in the throat; without a component in the mouth, the central/lateral dichotomy does not apply.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Abkhaz		аи	[ʔaj]	'no'	See Abkhaz phonology
Arabic		ألله	[ʔɑlˁlˁɑːh]	'God, 'Allah'	See Arabic phonology
Bikol		ba-go	[ˈbaːʔgo]	'new'	Certain dialects have bag-o
Burmese		မ္ရစ္‌မ္ယား	[mjiʔ mjà]	'rivers'
Cebuano		bag-o	[ˈbaːgʔo]	'new'
Chamorro		halu'u	[həluʔu]	'shark'
Czech		používat	[poʔuʒiːvat]	'to use'	See Czech phonology
Danish		hånd	[hɞnʔ]	'hand'	See Danish phonology
Dutch		beamen	[bəʔɑmən]	'to affirm'	See Dutch phonology
English		cat	[kæʔ(t)]	'cat'	Dialectal. Allophone of /t/. See glottalization and English phonology
Finnish		linja-auto	[ˈlinjɑʔˈɑuto]	'bus'	See Finnish phonology
French		les hérissons	[le ʔeʁisɔ̃]	'the hedgehogs'	See French phonology
German	northern dialects	Beamter	[bəˈʔamtɐ]	'civil servant'	See German phonology
Guaraní		avañe’ẽ	[aʋaɲẽˈʔẽ]	'Guaraní'	Occurs only between vowels
Hawaiian		ʻeleʻele	[ˡʔɛ.lɛˡʔɛ.lɛ]	'black'	See Hawaiian phonology
Hebrew		אָלֶף־בֵית	[ʔalefbet]	'alphabet'	See Hebrew phonology
Indonesian		bakso	[ˌbaʔ.ˈso]	'green'	Allophone of /k/ or /g/ in the syllable coda
Japanese		もっと/motto	[moʔto]	'more'	See Japanese phonology
Kabardian		Iэ	[ʔɛ]	'to tell'
Maltese		qattus	[ˈʔattus]	'cat'
Persian		معني	[maʔni]	'meaning'	See Persian phonology
Pirahã		baíxi	[màíʔì]	'parent'
Seri		he	[ʔɛ]	'I'
Spanish	Paraguayan	el débil es...	[el deʋil ʔeh]	'the weak one is...'	See Spanish phonology
Tagalog		umaasa	[ˌʔuː.ma.ʔáː.sah]	'hoping'	This occurs most commonly in Batangan Tagalog
Tahitian		puaʻa	[puaʔa]	'pig'
Tongan		tuʻu	[tuʔu]	'stand'
Vietnamese		bà	[ʔɓɐ̤ː˧˩]	'lady'	See Vietnamese phonology
Võro		piniq	[ˈpinʲiʔ]	'dogs'
Welayta		[ʔirʈa]		'wet'

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
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Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english.
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In phonetics, voice or voicing is one of the three major parameters used to describe a sound. It is usually treated as a binary parameter with sounds being described as either voiceless (unvoiced) or voiced
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Glottal can mean:

related to the glottis.
related to the vocal folds.
glottal consonant.
related to glottalization.

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stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The terms plosive and stop are usually used interchangeably, but they are not perfect synonyms.
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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The vocal folds, also known popularly as vocal cords, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during phonation.
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An interjection is a part of speech that usually has no grammatical connection to the rest of the sentence and simply expresses emotion on the part of the speaker, although most interjections have clear definitions.
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of
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Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricatives, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider them to be
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In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus.
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An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway.
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A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.

Examples of central consonants are the voiceless velar plosive (the "k" in the English word "skin"), the voiced alveolar fricative (the
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Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue.
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.^[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.

Function

As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
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Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mainly in Abkhazia^[1] and Turkey. It is the official language of the Republic of Abkhazia, where around 100,000 people speak it, and the second official language of Georgia within the territory of Abkhazia.
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Abkhaz Alphabet

ISO 15924 Cyrl

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The Abkhaz alphabet is an alphabet for the Abkhaz language which consists of 62 letters.
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