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Harbor

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Port Jackson, Sydney, Australia
A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences), or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor will have sea walls or breakwaters and may require dredging. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land.

Harbors and ports are often confused. A port is a man-made coastal or riverine facility where boats and ships can load and unload. It may consist of quays, wharfs, jetties, piers and slipways with cranes or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for storage of goods and a transport system, such as railway, road transport or pipeline transport facilities for relaying goods inland.

Natural harbors

A natural harbor is a landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great strategic and economic importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor.

Ice-free harbors

Main article: Ice-free port
For harbors near the poles, being ice-free is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are Murmansk (Russia), Petsamo (Russia, formerly Finland), Hammerfest, Vardø, and Prince Rupert (Canada). The southern-most harbor, at Antarctica's Winter Quarters Bay (77°50′S), presents a potentially ice-free harbor, depending upon summer pack ice conditions.[1]

Temporary harbors

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St. John's harbour, Newfoundland


Sometimes a harbor is needed where one isn't available due to damage, such as in times of war. In this case a temporary harbor may be built and transported in pieces to the location. The most notable of these were the two Mulberry harbours used during the D-Day invasion of Normandy in World War II.

Notable harbors

The following places are large natural harbors: Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. The largest artificially created harbor is in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The busiest harbor is the twin Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in the United States.

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Capri harbour, Italy seen from Anacapri


Other notable harbors include:

See also

Notes

1. ^ U.S. Polar Programs National Science Foundation FY2000.




a sheltered place along a coast.
American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences.

In the early 18th century, English spelling was not standardised. Different standards became noticeable after the publishing of influential dictionaries.
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weather is the set of all extant phenomena in a given atmosphere at a given time. The term usually refers to the activity of these phenomena over short periods (hours or days), as opposed to the term climate, which refers to the average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of
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Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defense or to protect an anchorage from the effects of weather and longshore drift.

Purposes of breakwaters

Defense against coastal erosion


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Dredging is the repositioning of soil from a marine environment, using specialized equipment, in order to initiate infrastructural and/or ecological improvements. In this definition "repositioning" stands for the process of (1) removal, (2) transport, (3) placement and often (4)
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port is a facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. They are usually situated at the edge of an ocean, sea, river, or lake. Ports often have cargo-handling equipment such as cranes (operated by longshoremen) and forklifts for use in loading/unloading of ships, which may
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coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the ocean. A coastline is properly a line on a map indicating the disposition of a coast, but the word is often used to refer to the coast itself.
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A boat is a watercraft designed to float or plane on, and provide transport over, water. Usually this water will be inland (lakes) or in protected coastal areas. However, boats such as the whaleboat were historically designed to be operated from a ship in an offshore environment.
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ship is a large watercraft capable of offshore navigation. Ships may be operated by:
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A quay, pronounced 'key', is a wharf or bank where ships and other vessels are loaded. A quay is constructed parallel to the bank of a waterway. The word is commonly used in United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada and Australia.
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wharf is a fixed platform, commonly on pilings, where ships are loaded and unloaded. They often serve as interim storage areas with warehouses, since the typical objective is to unload and reload vessels as quickly as possible.
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jetty construction. Carlsbad, CA, USA, April 1998.]] The term jetty, derived from the French jetée, and therefore signifying something thrown out, is applied to a variety of structures employed in river, dock, and maritime works which are generally carried out in
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pier is a raised walkway over water, supported by widely spread piles or pillars. The lighter structure of a pier allows tides and currents to flow almost unhindered, whereas the more solid foundations of a quay or the closely-spaced piles of a wharf can act as breakwaters, and are
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slipway, boat slip or just a slip, is a ramp on the shore by which ships or boats can be moved to and from the water. They are used for building and repairing ships and boats.
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crane is a mechanical lifting device equipped with a winder, wire ropes and sheaves that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability
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Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. The term is derived from the Latin trans ("across") and portare ("to carry").
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Rail transport is the transport of passengers and goods by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run along railways or railroads. Rail transport is part of the logistics chain, which facilitates the international trading and economic growth in most countries.
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Road transport (British English) or road transportation (American English) is transport on roads, that is most transport over land which is not rail transport in the wide sense.

A hybrid of road transport and ship transport is the historic horse-drawn boat.
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Pipeline transport is a transportation of goods through a pipe. Most commonly, liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air have also been used.
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A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography.
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body of water is any significant accumulation of water such as an ocean, a lake, or a river, usually covering the Earth or another planet. Some bodies of water can be man-made, or artificial, such as a pond, lake or harbor, but most are naturally occurring geographical features.
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Military strategy is a collective name for planning the conduct of warfare. Derived from the Greek strategos, strategy was seen as the "art of the general". Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the
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economy is the system of human activities related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area.

The composition of a given economy is inseparable from technological evolution, civilization's history and social
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A warm water port is narrowly defined as an ice free port, where the water does not freeze (rendering it unusable in the winter).

According to some Western analysts, a "warm water port" was a long term aim of Russian foreign policy.
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Please help recruit one or [ improve this article] yourself. See the talk page for details.
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A warm water port is narrowly defined as an ice free port, where the water does not freeze (rendering it unusable in the winter).

According to some Western analysts, a "warm water port" was a long term aim of Russian foreign policy.
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Мурманс? (Russian)

Murmansk Port

Murmansk on the map of the North Pole region

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Anthem
Hymn of the Russian Federation


Capital
(and largest city) Moscow

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Pechenga (Russian: Пече́нга; Finnish: Petsamo; Norwegian: Petsjenga
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Anthem
Maamme   (Finnish)
VÃ¥rt land   (Swedish)
Our Land
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Hammerfest   (help info ) is a city and municipality in the county of Finnmark, Norway. The municipality encompasses parts of three islands; Kvaløya, Sørøya and Seiland.
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