Heart disease is an
umbrella term for a number of different
diseases which affect the
heart and as of 2007 it is the leading cause of death in the United States.
[1]
Types of heart disease
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease". It is the deterioration of the function of the
myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of
arrhythmia and/or
sudden cardiac death.
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease is any of a number of specific diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Research on disease dimorphism suggests that women who suffer with cardiovascular disease usually suffer from forms that affect the blood vessels while men usually suffer from forms that affect the heart muscle itself. Known or associated causes of cardiovascular disease include
diabetes mellitus,
hypertension,
hyperhomocysteinemia and
hypercholesterolemia. Research has shown that a low fat,
vegetarian diet can reduce the chance of cardiovascular disease and may also reverse conditions such as restriction of the blood vessels or "clogging."
Types of cardiovascular disease include:
Congenital heart disease
Congenital heart disease, existing primarily at birth, refers to any of a number of heart diseases caused by unavoidable genetic factors.
Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is a disease of the heart caused by the accumulation of
atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium.
Angina pectoris and
myocardial infarction (heart attack) are symptoms of and conditions caused by coronary heart disease.
Heart failure
Heart failure, also called
congestive heart failure (or
CHF), and
congestive cardiac failure (
CCF), is a condition that can result from any structural or functional
cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the
heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of
blood throughout the body.
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease, heart disease caused by high blood pressure, especially localised high blood pressure. Conditions that can be caused by hypertensive heart disease include:
Inflammatory heart disease
Main articles: Inflammatory heart disease and American Heart Month, 2007
Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it.
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is any disease process involving one or more
valves of the
heart. The valves in the right side of the heart are the
tricuspid valve and the
pulmonic valve. The valves in the left side of the heart are the
mitral valve and the
aortic valve.
See also
References
External links
An umbrella term is a word that provides a superset or of related concepts, also called a hypernym. Thus cryptology is an umbrella term that encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis.
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disease is an abnormal condition of an organism that impairs bodily functions. In human beings, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes discomfort, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems
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heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions, or a similar structure in the annelids, mollusks, and arthropods.
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MeSH D009202 Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease", is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both.
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Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart.
Relationship to other layers
The other tissues of the heart are:
- the endocardium (inner lining, effectively a specialized endothelium)
..... Click the link for more information. Cardiac arrhythmia
Classification & external resources
Ventricular Fibrillation or V-Fib, an example of cardiac arrhythmia.
ICD-10 I 47. - I 49.
ICD-9 427
DiseasesDB 15206
MedlinePlus 001101
MeSH D001145 Cardiac arrhythmia
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The term sudden cardiac death refers to natural death from cardiac causes, heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within one hour of the onset of acute symptoms.[1] Other forms of sudden death may be noncardiac in origin.
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Pathologist redirects here. For other uses of the terms pathology or pathological, see pathology (disambiguation).
Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids.
..... Click the link for more information. In medicine, ischemia (Greek ισχαιμία, isch- is restriction, hema or haema is blood) is a restriction in blood supply
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Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a disease in which the abuse of alcohol use damages the heart muscle causing heart failure. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a type of Dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Coronary heart disease
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 I20-I25
ICD-9 410 - 414 , 429.2
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease (CAD), ischaemic heart disease, atherosclerotic heart disease, is the end result
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Congenital heart disease (CHD) is heart disease in the newborn, and includes structural defects, congenital arrythmias, and cardiomyopathies. CHD is a defect of the heart that exists primarily at birth, and can describe a wide variety of different abnormalities affecting the heart.
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MeSH D009202 Cardiomyopathy, which literally means "heart muscle disease", is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death or both.
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Hypertensive heart disease
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 I 11. , I 13.
ICD-9 402
Hypertensive heart disease is any of a number of complications of arterial hypertension that affect the heart.
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MeSH D002311 Dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM, also known as congestive cardiomyopathy, is a condition in which the heart becomes weakened and enlarged, and cannot pump blood efficiently.
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orthotopic procedure. Notice how the back of the patient's left atrium and great vessels are left in place.]] Heart transplantation or cardiac transplantation
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The left ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) in the human heart. It receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium via the mitral valve, and pumps it into the aorta via the aortic valve.
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MeSH D002312
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is a disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause.
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A genetic disorder is a condition caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes. While some diseases, such as cancer, are due to genetic abnormalities acquired in a few cells during life, the term "genetic disease" most commonly refers to diseases present in all cells of the body
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mutations are changes to the base pair sequence of the genetic material of an organism. Mutations can be caused by copying errors in the genetic material during cell division, by exposure to ultraviolet or ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, or viruses, or can occur deliberately
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A
sarcomere is the basic unit of a muscle's cross-striated myofibril. Sarcomeres are multi-protein complexes composed of three different filament systems.
- The thick filament system is composed of myosin protein which is connected from the M-line to the Z-disc by Titin
..... Click the link for more information. MeSH D019571 Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD, also known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy or ARVC) is a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy that involves primarily the right ventricle.
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The right ventricle is one of four chambers (two atria and two ventricles) in the human heart. It receives de-oxygenated blood from the right atrium via the tricuspid valve, and pumps it into the pulmonary artery via the pulmonary valve.
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MeSH D002313 Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is the least common cardiomyopathy. It is called this because it restricts the heart from stretching and filling with blood properly.
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Non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC),sometimes known as "spongiform cardiomyopathy" is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy that affects both children and adults. It refers to a type of cardiomyopathy where the myocardial development is hindered while the baby is in the womb during the
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MeSH D002318 Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). While the term technically refers to any disease that affects the cardiovascular system, it is usually used to refer to those related to
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Diabetes mellitus
Classification & external resources
ICD-10 E 10. –E 14.
ICD-9 250
MedlinePlus 001214
eMedicine med/546 emerg/134
MeSH C18.452.394.
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HypertensionClassification & external resourcesICD-10 I 10. ,I 11. ,I 12. ,
I 13. ,I 15.
ICD-9 401.x
OMIM 145500
DiseasesDB 6330
MedlinePlus 000468
eMedicine med/1106 ped/1097 emerg/267
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Classification & external resources
Homocysteine
DiseasesDB 29853
eMedicine neuro/578
Hyperhomocysteinemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally large level of homocysteine in the blood.
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Hypercholesterolemia
Classification & external resources
Cholesterol
ICD-10 E 78.0
ICD-9 272.0
DiseasesDB 6226
eMedicine med/1073
MeSH D006937 Hypercholesterolemia
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