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Leading Tone

In music theory, a leading-tone (called the leading-note outside the US) is a note or pitch which resolves or "leads" to a note one semitone higher or lower, being a lower and upper leading-tone, respectively.

Generally, the leading tone is the seventh tonal degree of the diatonic scale leading up to the tonic. For example, in the C major scale (white keys on a piano, starting on C), the leading tone is the note B; and the leading tone chord uses the notes B, D, and F: a diminished triad. In music theory, the leading tone triad is symbolized by the Roman numeral vii°.

According to Ernst Kurth (1913) the major and minor thirds contain "latent" tendencies towards the perfect fourth and whole-tone, respectively, and thus establish tonality. However, Carl Dahlhaus (1990) shows that this drive is in fact created through or with harmonic function, a root progression in another voice by a whole-tone or fifth, or melodically (monophonically) by the context of the scale. For example, the leading tone of alternating C chord and F minor chords is either the note E leading to F, if F is tonic, or A♭ leading to G, if C is tonic. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the leading-tone is created by the progression from imperfect to perfect consonances, such as a major third to a perfect fifth or minor third to a unison. The same pitch outside of the imperfect consonance is not a leading tone.

As a diatonic function the leading-tone is the seventh scale degree of any diatonic scale when the distance between it and the tonic is a single semitone. In diatonic scales where there is a whole tone between the seventh scale degree and the tonic, such as the Mixolydian mode, the degree is the subtonic.

Sources

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Degrees of a diatonic scale
. First note: Tonic . Second note: Supertonic . Third note: Mediant . Fourth note: Subdominant . Fifth note: Dominant . Sixth note: Submediant . Seventh note: Leading/Subtonic
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note has two primary meanings: 1) a sign used in music to represent the relative duration and pitch of a sound; and 2) a pitched sound itself. Notes are the "atoms" of much Western music: discretizations of musical phenomena that facilitate performance, comprehension, and analysis
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Pitch is the perceived fundamental frequency of a sound. While the actual fundamental frequency can be precisely determined through physical measurement, it may differ from the perceived pitch because of overtones, or partials, in the sound.
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Resolution in western tonal music theory is the "need" for a sounded note and/or chord to move from a dissonance (an unstable sound) to a consonance (a more final or stable sounding one).
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semitone
Inverse major seventh; diminished octave
Name
Other names minor second
or diatonic semitone;
augmented unison
or chromatic semitone
Abbreviation m2; aug1
Size
Semitones 1
Interval class 1

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diatonic scale (from the Greek διατονικος, meaning "[progressing] through tones", also known as the heptatonia prima
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The tonic is the first note of a musical scale, and in the tonal method of musical composition it is extremely important. The triad formed on the tonic note, the tonic chord, is thus the most important chord.
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In music theory, the major scale is one of the diatonic scales. It is made up of seven distinct notes, plus an eighth which duplicates the first an octave higher.

The simplest major scale is C major (figure 1), the only major scale not to require sharps or flats on the
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chord (from Greek χορδή: gut, string) is three or more different notes that sound simultaneously. Most often, in European-influenced music, chords are tertian sonorities that can be constructed as stacks of thirds relative to some underlying scale.
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diminished triad
Component intervals

diminished fifth
minor third
root Generally, in music, a diminished chord is a chord which has a diminished fifth in it.
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Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The system used in classical antiquity was slightly modified in the Middle Ages to produce the system we use today. It is based on certain letters which are given values as numerals.
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major third
Inverse minor sixth
Name
Other names -
Abbreviation M3
Size
Semitones 4
Interval class 4
Just interval 5:4
Cents
Equal temperament 400
Just intonation 386

A major third
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Minor Third
Inverse Major Sixth
Name
Other names -
Abbreviation m3
Size
Semitones 3
Interval class 3
Just interval 6:5
Cents
Equal temperament 300
Just intonation 316

A minor third
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perfect fourth
Inverse perfect fifth
Name
Other names diatessaron
Abbreviation P4
Size
Semitones 5
Interval class 5
Just interval 4:3
Cents
Equal temperament 500
Just intonation ~498.
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major second
Inverse minor seventh
Name
Other names whole tone
Abbreviation M2
Size
Semitones 2
Interval class 2
Just interval 9:8 or 10:9
Cents
Equal temperament 200
Just intonation
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Tonality is a system of music in which certain hierarchical pitch relationships are based on a key "center" or tonic. The term tonalité originated with Alexandre Choron (1810) and was borrowed by François-Joseph Fétis in 1840 (Reti, 1958; Simms 1975, 119; Judd, 1998;
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Carl Dahlhaus (born June 10 1928 in Hanover, died May 1989 Berlin), a musicologist from Berlin, has been one of the major contributors to the development of musicology as a scholarly discipline during the post-war era.
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In music the root (basse fondamentale) of a chord is the note or pitch upon which that chord is perceived or labelled as being built or hierarchically centered upon.
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In music, monophony is the simplest of textures, consisting of melody without accompanying harmony. This may be realized as just one note at a time, or with the same note duplicated at the octave (such as often when men and women sing together).
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In music, a scale is a collection of musical notes that provides material for part or all of a musical work. Scales are ordered in pitch or pitch class, with their ordering providing a measure of musical distance.
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major triad
Component intervals

perfect fifth
major third
root Generally speaking, a major chord is any chord which has a major third above its root, as opposed to a minor chord which has a minor third.
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minor triad
Component intervals

perfect fifth
minor third
root

Generally speaking, a minor chord is any chord which has a minor third above its root, as opposed to a major chord which has a major third.
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The tonic is the first note of a musical scale, and in the tonal method of musical composition it is extremely important. The triad formed on the tonic note, the tonic chord, is thus the most important chord.
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Consonance may refer to:
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UNiSON: Rebels of Rhythm & Dance (sometimes known as simply Unison) is a rhythm video game released for the PlayStation 2 in 2001 which featured unique controls and, at the time, beautiful graphics for its genre of game.
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A diatonic function, in tonal music theory, is the specific, recognized roles of notes or chords in relation to the key.

Three general and inseparable essential features of harmonic function in tonal music are:

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diatonic scale (from the Greek διατονικος, meaning "[progressing] through tones", also known as the heptatonia prima
..... Click the link for more information.
The tonic is the first note of a musical scale, and in the tonal method of musical composition it is extremely important. The triad formed on the tonic note, the tonic chord, is thus the most important chord.
..... Click the link for more information.
semitone
Inverse major seventh; diminished octave
Name
Other names minor second
or diatonic semitone;
augmented unison
or chromatic semitone
Abbreviation m2; aug1
Size
Semitones 1
Interval class 1

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