leukemia inhibitory factor

Information about leukemia inhibitory factor

Crystal structure of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)
leukemia inhibitory factor (cholinergic differentiation factor)
Identifiers
SymbolLIF
Entrez3976
HUGO6596
OMIM159540
PDB1lki
RefSeqNM_002309
UniProtP15018
Other data
LocusChr. 22 q11.2-13.1
Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, an interleukin 6 class cytokine, is a chemical in cells that affects their growth and development.

Function

LIF derives its name from its ability to induce the terminal differentiation of myeloid leukaemic cells. Other properties attributed to the cytokine include: the growth promotion and cell differentiation of different types of target cells, influence on bone metabolism, cachexia, neural development, embryogenesis and inflammation.

Binding/activation

LIF binds to the specific LIF receptor (LIFR-α) which forms a heterodimer with a specific subunit common to all members of that family of receptors, the GP130 signal transducing subunit. This leads to activation of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) and MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) cascades.

Expression

LIF is normally expressed in the trophectoderm of the developing embryo, with its receptor LIFR expressed throughout the inner cell mass. As embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass at the blastocyst stage, removing them from the inner cell mass also removes their source of LIF.

Use in stem cell culture

Removal of LIF pushes stem cells toward differentiation, but they retain their proliferative potential. Therefore LIF is used in mouse embryonic stem cell culture. It is necessary to maintain the stem cells in an undifferentiated state, however genetic manipulation of embryonic stem cells allows for Lif independent growth, notably overexpression of the gene Nanog.

Lif is not required for culture of human embryonic stem cells.

External links

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Cell signaling: cytokines
Autocrine motility factor - Chemokine - Hematopoietic (Stem cell factor, Colony-stimulating factor) - Hepatocyte growth factor - Interferon - Interleukin - Leukemia inhibitory factor - Lymphokine (Lymphotoxin, Transfer factor) - Monokine - Oncostatin M - Osteopontin - TGF beta - Tumor necrosis factor
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locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map.
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by T cells and macrophages to stimulate immune response to trauma, especially burns or other tissue damage leading to inflammation.
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Cytokines are a group of proteins and peptides that are used in organisms as signaling compounds. These chemical signals are similar to hormones and neurotransmitters and are used to allow one cell to communicate with another.
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Cellular differentiation is a concept from developmental biology describing the process by which cells acquire a "type". The morphology of a cell may change dramatically during differentiation, but the genetic material remains the same, with few exceptions.
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MeSH D007951 Myeloid leukemia is a type of leukemia affecting myeloid tissue (bone marrow).

Types include:
  • Acute myelogenous leukemia
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia


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Bones are rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells and store minerals.
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Metabolism is the complete set of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. These processes are the basis of life, allowing cells to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories.
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Cachexia
Classifications and external resources

ICD-10 R64
ICD-9 799.4

Cachexia (pronounced IPA: /kəˈkɛksiə/
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The study of neural development draws on both neuroscience and developmental biology to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which complex nervous systems emerge during embryonic development and throughout life.
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Embryogenesis is the process by which the embryo is formed and develops. It starts with the fertilization of the ovum, egg, which, after fertilization, is then called a zygote.
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Inflammation (Latin, inflammatio, to set on fire) is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants.
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For other uses, see Receptor.


In biochemistry, a receptor is a protein on the cell membrane or within the cytoplasm or cell nucleus that binds to a specific molecule (a ligand), such as a neurotransmitter, hormone, or other substance, and initiates
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dimer refers to a molecule composed of two identical subunits or monomers linked together.

Chemistry

The molecules in a dimer are connected by covalent bonds or weaker interactions such as hydrogen bonds.
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Glycoprotein 130 (also known as gp130, IL6ST or CD130) is a transmembrane protein which is the founding member of the class of tall cytokine receptors. It forms one subunit of type I cytokine receptors within the IL-6 receptor family.
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Jak can be:
  • Jak, North American Indian.
  • JAK members bank, a Swedish no-interest bank
  • JAK, Janus kinase, an intracellular signaling molecule; component of the JAK-STAT signal system.

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''' STAT may mean:
  • STAT protein, the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription protein,
  • Special Tertiary Admissions Test, a set of tests aimed at assessing the critical reasoning abilities of university applicants who lack other formal qualifications.

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In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes, activated by second messengers resulting in
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Transcription is the process through which a DNA sequence is enzymatically copied by an RNA polymerase to produce a complementary RNA. So to say, it is the transfer of genetic information from DNA into RNA.
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A mitogen is a chemical, usually some form of a protein, that encourages a cell to commence cell division, triggering mitosis.

Mitogens trigger signal transduction pathways in which mitogen-activated protein kinase is involved, leading to mitosis.
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Proteins are large organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid residues.
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In chemistry and biochemistry, a kinase, alternatively known as a phosphotransferase, is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation
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A biochemical cascade is a series of chemical reactions in which the products of one reaction are consumed in the next reaction. There are several important biochemical cascade reactions in biochemistry, including the enzymatic cascades, such as the coagulation cascade and the
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In early embryogenesis, the inner cell mass (abbreviated ICM and also known as the embryoblast or pluriblast) is the mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus.
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Cellular differentiation is a concept from developmental biology describing the process by which cells acquire a "type". The morphology of a cell may change dramatically during differentiation, but the genetic material remains the same, with few exceptions.
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