orthorhombic
Information about orthorhombic
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its lattice vectors by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (a by b, which is different from a) and height (c, which is different from a and b). All three bases intersect at 90° angles. The three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal.
There are four orthorhombic Bravais lattices: simple orthorhombic, base-centered orthorhombic, body-centered orthorhombic, and face-centered orthorhombic.
The point groups (or crystal classes) that fall under this crystal system are listed below, followed by their representations in International {Hermann-Mauguin) notation and Schoenflies notation, and mineral examples.
There are four orthorhombic Bravais lattices: simple orthorhombic, base-centered orthorhombic, body-centered orthorhombic, and face-centered orthorhombic.
| simple orthorhombic | base-centered orthorhombic | body-centered orthorhombic | face-centered orthorhombic |
) Orthohombic, simple | ) Orthohombic, base-centered | ) Orthohombic, body-centered | ) Orthohombic, face-centered |
The point groups (or crystal classes) that fall under this crystal system are listed below, followed by their representations in International {Hermann-Mauguin) notation and Schoenflies notation, and mineral examples.
| Name | International | Schoenflies | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| orthorhombic bipyramidal |  | D2h | sulfur, olivine, aragonite |
| orthorhombic pyramidal |  | C2v | hemimorphite, bertrandite |
| orthorhombic sphenoidal |  | D2 | epsomite |
See also
References
- Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis, 1985, Manual of Mineralogy, 20th ed., pp. 69 - 73, ISBN 0-471-80580-7
For the book of poetry, see Crystallography (book).
Crystallography (from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and graphein
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Crystallography (from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and graphein
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A crystal system is a category of space groups, which characterize symmetry of structures in three dimensions with translational symmetry in three directions, having a discrete class of point groups.
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In mathematics, a point group is a group of geometric symmetries (isometries) leaving a point fixed.
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Overview
Point groups can exist in a Euclidean space of any dimension...... Click the link for more information.
lattice in Rn is a discrete subgroup of Rn which spans the real vector space Rn. Every lattice in Rn
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prism is a polyhedron made of an n-sided polygonal base, a translated copy, and n faces joining corresponding sides. Thus these joining faces are parallelograms. All cross-sections parallel to the base faces are the same. A prism is a subclass of the prismatoids.
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In mathematics, orthogonal, as a simple adjective, not part of a longer phrase, is a generalization of perpendicular. It means at right angles, from the Greek ὀρθός orthos
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In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after Auguste Bravais, is an infinite set of points generated by a set of discrete translation operations. A crystal is made up of one or more atoms (the basis) which is repeated at each lattice point.
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In crystallography, a crystallographic point group is a set of symmetry operations, like rotations or reflections, that leave a point fixed while moving each atom of the crystal to the position of an atom of the same kind.
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Hermann-Mauguin notation is used to represent the symmetry elements in point groups, plane groups and space groups. It is named after the German crystallographer Carl Hermann and the French minerologist Charles-Victor Mauguin.
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The Schoenflies notation is one of two conventions commonly used to describe crystallographic point groups. This notation is used in spectroscopy. The other convention is the Hermann-Mauguin notation, also known as the International notation.
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A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered atomic structure and specific physical properties.
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6
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 999.6 kJmol−1
2nd: 2252 kJmol−1
3rd: 3357 kJmol−1
Atomic radius 100 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.58 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more) 1st: 999.6 kJmol−1
2nd: 2252 kJmol−1
3rd: 3357 kJmol−1
Atomic radius 100 pm
Atomic radius (calc.
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The mineral olivine (also called chrysolite and, when gem-quality, peridot) is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4.
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Aragonite is a carbonate mineral, one of the two common, naturally occurring polymorphs of calcium carbonate, CaCO3. The other is the mineral calcite. Aragonite's crystal lattice differs from that of calcite, resulting in a different crystal shape, an orthorhombic
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Hemimorphite, is a sorosilicate mineral which has been mined from days of old from the upper parts of zinc and lead ores, chiefly associated with smithsonite. It was often assumed to be the same mineral and both were classed under the same name of calamine.
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Bertrandite is a beryllium sorosilicate hydroxide mineral with composition: Be4Si2O7(OH)2. Bertrandite is a colorless to pale yellow orthorhombic mineral with a hardness of 6-7.
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Epsomite is a hydrous magnesium sulfate mineral with formula MgSO4·7H2O or simply MgSO4. Epsomite forms as encrustations or efflorescences on limestone cavern walls and mine timbers and walls, as a volcanic fumaroles, and as rare beds in
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crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. A crystal structure is composed of a motif, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way, and a lattice. Motifs are located upon the points of a lattice, which is an array of points repeating periodically in three
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