palatal lateral approximant

Information about palatal lateral approximant

IPA – number	157
IPA – text	ʎ
IPA – image
Entity	ʎ
X-SAMPA	`L`
Kirshenbaum	`l^`
Sound sample (helpinfo)

The palatal lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʎ, resembling a turned letter "y" (and not to be confused with lowercase lambda, λ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is L.

Features

Features of the palatal lateral approximant:

Its manner of articulation is approximant, which means it is produced by bringing one articulator close to another but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced.
Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the sides of the tongue, rather than the middle of the tongue.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Aymara	llaki	[ʎaki]	'sad'
Catalan	lluna	[ˈʎunǝ]	'moon'	See Catalan phonology
Croatian	odijeljen	[ˈodijeːʎen]	'separated'
Enindhilyagwa	angalya	[aŋaʎa]	'place'
Faroese	fylgja	[fɪʎʤa]	'to follow
Galician	ollo	[ˈoʎo]	'eye'
Gascon	hilh	[hiʎ]	'son'
Greek	λιακάδα	[ʎaˈkağa]	'sunshine'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian (dialectal)	király	[ˈkiraːʎ]	'king'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian	figlio	[ˈfiʎːo]	'son'	See Italian phonology
Macedonian	љубов	[ʎubov]	'love'
Norwegian (northern)	alle	[ɑʎːe]	'everybody'	See Norwegian phonology
Portuguese	olho	[ˈoʎu]	'eye'	See Portuguese phonology
Occitan	miralhar	[miraˈʎa]	'to reflect'
Quechua	allin	[ˈaʎin]	'good'
Scottish Gaelic	till	[tʃʰiːʎ]	'return'
Serbian	љуљaшka/ljuljaška	[ʎuʎаʃkа]	'swing (seat)'
Sissano	piyl	[piʎ]	'fish'
Slovak	roľa	[ˈrɔʎa]	'field'
Spanish	millón	[miˈʎon]	'million'	In many dialects this has merged with /ʝ/. See Spanish phonology and Yeísmo.

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
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Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english.
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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Lambda (uppercase Λ, lowercase λ) is the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 30. Letters that arose from Lambda include the Roman L and the Cyrillic letter El (Л, л).
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence.
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place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of
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Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex.
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The tongue is the large bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the surface of the tongue is covered in taste buds.
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The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. It spans the arch formed by the upper teeth.

It is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone.
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In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus.
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An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway.
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Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue.
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.^[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.

Function

As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
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Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over a million speakers.^[1]^[2] Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Peru and Bolivia.
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Latin alphabet
Child systems Numerous: see Alphabets derived from the Latin
Sister systems Cyrillic
Coptic
Armenian
Runic/Futhark
Unicode range See Latin characters in Unicode
ISO 15924 Latn

Note
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In Spain: Catalonia, Valencian Community, Balearic Islands, Aragon (in La Franja), Murcia (in El Carxe). In France: Northern Catalonia. In Italy: The city of L'Alguer. In Andorra.
Total speakers: 9.
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The Catalan-speaking world

Language
Grammar
Phonology and orthography
Institut d'Estudis Catalans
Acadmia Valenciana de la Llengua
History
History of Catalonia · Counts of Barcelona
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The Catalan-speaking world

Croatian}}}
Official status
Official language of:
Burgenland (Austria)
Caraşova in Caraş-Severin County (Romania)
Croatia
Molise (Italy)
Vojvodina (Serbia)
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