palatal nasal

Information about palatal nasal

IPA – number	118
IPA – text	ɲ
IPA – image
Entity	ɲ
X-SAMPA	`J`
Kirshenbaum	`n^`
Sound sample (helpinfo)

The palatal nasal is a type of consonant, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɲ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J. The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter n with a leftward-pointing tail protruding from the bottom of the left stem of the letter. Compare n and ɲ. The symbol ɲ should not be confused with ɳ, the symbol for the retroflex nasal, which has a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem, or with ŋ, the symbol for the velar nasal, which has a leftward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of the right stem. In languages influenced by Spanish, this sound is represented with the letter eñe (ñ).

Features

Features of the palatal nasal:

Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is palatal which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised against the hard palate.
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		një	[ɲə]	'one'
Catalan		bany	[baɲ]	'bath'	See Catalan phonology
Croatian		konj	[koɲ]	'horse'
Czech		kůň	[kuːɲ]	'horse'	See Czech phonology
Dinka		nyɔt	[ɲɔt]	'very'
English		onion	[ˈʌɲən]	'onion'	Some dialects. See English phonology
French		montagne	[mɔ̃taɲ]	mountain'	See French phonology
Galician		año	[ˈaɲo]	'lamb'
Greek		Πρωτοχρονιά	[pro̞to̞xro̞ˈɲa]	'New Year's Day'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hungarian		lány	[laːɲ]	'girl'	See Hungarian phonology
Indonesian		banyak	[baɲak]	'a lot'
Italian		bagno	[baɲɲo]	'bath'	See Italian phonology
Malayalam		ഞാൻ	[ɲan]	'I'
Norwegian	Northern dialects	vann	[vɑɲː]	'water'	See Norwegian phonology
Occitan	Northern and Southern	Polonha	[puˈluɲo]	'Poland'
Occitan	Gascon	banh	[baɲ]	'bath'
Polish		słoń	[swɔɲ]	'elephant'	See Polish phonology
Portuguese		anho	[ˈɐɲu]	'lamb'	See Portuguese phonology
Scottish Gaelic		seinn	[ʃeiɲ]	'sing'
Serbian		коњ/konj	[koɲ]	'horse'
Slovak		pečeň	[ˈpɛtʃɛɲ]	'liver'
Spanish		enseñar	[e̞nse̞ˈɲar]	'to teach'	See Spanish phonology
Vietnamese		nhai	[ɲaɪ]	'to chew'	See Vietnamese phonology

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
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Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english.
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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The retroflex nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɳ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is n`.
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The velar nasal is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ŋ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is N.
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Ñ (lower case ñ) is a letter of the modern Roman alphabet formed by an N with a diacritical tilde. It is most notably used in the Spanish alphabet and Filipino Alphabet, where it represents a palatal nasal (IPA:
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The terms plosive and stop are usually used interchangeably, but they are not perfect synonyms.
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place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of
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Palatal consonants are consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth). Consonants with the tip of the tongue curled back against the palate are called retroflex.
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The tongue is the large bundle of skeletal muscles on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition). It is the primary organ of taste. Much of the surface of the tongue is covered in taste buds.
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The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. It spans the arch formed by the upper teeth.

It is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone.
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In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus.
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nasal consonant is produced when the velum—that fleshy part of the palate near the back—is lowered, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound, but the air does not escape through the mouth as it is
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A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.

Examples of central consonants are the voiceless velar plosive (the "k" in the English word "skin"), the voiced alveolar fricative (the
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.^[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.

Function

As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
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Albanian (gjuha shqipe IPA /ˈɟuˌha ˈʃciˌpɛ/
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In Spain: Catalonia, Valencian Community, Balearic Islands, Aragon (in La Franja), Murcia (in El Carxe). In France: Northern Catalonia. In Italy: The city of L'Alguer. In Andorra.
Total speakers: 9.
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The Catalan-speaking world

Language
Grammar
Phonology and orthography
Institut d'Estudis Catalans
Acadmia Valenciana de la Llengua
History
History of Catalonia · Counts of Barcelona
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