Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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sternum (from Greek στέρνον, sternon, "chest" and hebrew pronounced "Shamokin" also meaning chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest).
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The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.

Differences from 1-12

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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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The costal cartilages are bars of hyaline cartilage which serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute very materially to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.

Differences from 1-12

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sternum (from Greek στέρνον, sternon, "chest" and hebrew pronounced "Shamokin" also meaning chest) or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest).
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Released October 31, 2007
Genre J-Pop
Length N/A
Label Geneon
Producer(s) I've Sound

Mami Kawada singles chronology

Get my way!
(2007) JOINT
(2007)

JOINT
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In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:^[1]

1. Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. They are sometimes called "articular ligaments"^[2], "fibrous ligaments", or "true ligaments".

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Torso is an anatomical term for the central part of the many animal bodies (including that of the human) from which extend the neck and limbs. It is sometimes referred to as the trunk. The torso includes the thorax and abdomen.
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vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of 34 vertebrae, the sacrum, intervertebral discs, and the coccyx situated in the dorsal aspect of the torso, separated by spinal discs. It houses the spinal cord in its spinal canal.
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The anterior longitudinal ligament is a ligament that runs down the anterior surface of the spine. It traverses all of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs.
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The posterior longitudinal ligament is situated within the vertebral canal, and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebræ, from the body of the axis, where it is continuous with the membrana tectoria, to the sacrum.
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Intervertebral discs (or intervertebral fibrocartilage) lie between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. Each disc forms a cartilaginous joint to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.
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The ligamenta flava connect the laminæ of adjacent vertebræ, from the axis to the first segment of the sacrum.

They are best seen from the interior of the vertebral canal; when looked at from the outer surface they appear short, being overlapped by the laminæ.
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The supraspinal ligament (supraspinous ligament) is a strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum; at the points of attachment to the tips of the spinous processes fibrocartilage is
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The Nuchal ligament is a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the lower vertebræ.

It extends from the external occipital protuberance and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra.
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zygapophysial joint
Costovertebral articulation of head of rib: radiate ligament - interarticular ligament
costotransverse
Sternocostal interarticular sternocostal ligament - radiate sternocostal ligaments - costoxiphoid ligaments
interchondral,
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The intertransverse ligaments are ligaments that are placed between the transverse processes.

In the cervical region they consist of a few irregular, scattered fibers.
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A zygapophysial joint (zygapophyseal, or facet joint) is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one (lower) vertebra and the inferior articular process of the adjacent (higher) vertebra. There are two facet joints in each vertebral motion segment.
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Costovertebral articulations -- The articulations of the ribs with the vertebral column may be divided into two sets:

• Articulation of head of rib -- connecting the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the vertebrae.

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The Articulations of the Heads of the Ribs (costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebræ
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The radiate ligament connects the anterior part of the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebræ, and the intervertebral fibrocartilage between them.
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The interarticular ligament of the head of the rib is situated in the interior of the articulation of head of rib.

It consists of a short band of fibers, flattened from above downward, attached by one extremity to the crest separating the two articular facets on the head of
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zygapophysial joint
Costovertebral articulation of head of rib: radiate ligament - interarticular ligament
costotransverse
Sternocostal interarticular sternocostal ligament - radiate sternocostal ligaments - costoxiphoid ligaments
interchondral,
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The sternocostal articulations (costosternal articulations, articulations of the cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum) are arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore,
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The Interarticular sternocostal ligament is a horizontal fibrocartilaginous plate in the center of the second sternocostal joint. It connects the tip of the costal cartilage to the fibrous junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum, dividing the joint into
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The Costoxiphoid Ligaments (chondroxiphoid ligaments) connect the anterior and posterior surfaces of the seventh costal cartilage, and sometimes those of the sixth, to the front and back of the xiphoid process.
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Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other).—The contiguous borders of the sixth, seventh, and eighth, and sometimes those of the ninth and tenth, costal cartilages articulate with each other by small, smooth, oblong
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Costochondral Articulations.—The lateral end of each costal cartilage is received into a depression in the sternal end of the rib, and the two are held together by the periosteum.
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pelvis (pl. pelvises or pelves) is the bony structure located at the base of the spine (properly known as the caudal end). The pelvis incorporates the socket portion of the hip joint for each leg (in bipeds) or hind leg (in quadrupeds).
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