stylomandibular ligament

Information about stylomandibular ligament

Ligament: Stylomandibular ligament
Articulation of the mandible. Medial aspect. (Stylomandibular lig. labeled at center left.)
Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves. (Styl. mand. lig. labeled at center left.)
Latinligamentum stylomandibulare
subject #75 298
Fromstyloid process (temporal)
Toramus of the mandible
Dorlands/Elsevier l_09/12493166
The stylomandibular ligament is a specialized band of the cervical fascia, which extends from near the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle and posterior border of the angle of the mandible, between the Masseter and Pterygoideus internus.

This ligament separates the parotid from the submaxillary gland, and from its deep surface some fibers of the Styloglossus take origin.

Although classed among the ligaments of the temporomandibular joint, it can only be considered as accessory to it.

This ligament along with the sphenomandibular ligament is responsible for limitation of mandibular movements (limit excessive opening).

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This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

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Joints and ligaments of Head and Neck
Atlanto-axialanterior atlantoaxial ligament - posterior atlantoaxial ligament - cruciform ligament of atlas (transverse ligament of the atlas)
Atlanto-occipitalanterior atlantoccipital membrane - posterior atlantoccipital membrane - tectorial membrane - alar ligament - ligament of apex dentis
Temporomandibularcapsule - temporomandibular ligament - sphenomandibular ligament - stylomandibular ligament - articular disk
Latin}}} 
Official status
Official language of: Vatican City
Used for official purposes, but not spoken in everyday speech
Regulated by: Opus Fundatum Latinitas
Roman Catholic Church
Language codes
ISO 639-1: la
ISO 639-2: lat
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The styloid process is pointed piece of bone that extends down from the human skull, just below the ear.

Structure

The styloid process is a slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear.
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The ramus of the mandible (perpendicular portion) is quadrilateral in shape, and has two surfaces, four borders, and two processes.

Surfaces

The lateral surface is flat and marked by oblique ridges at its lower part; it gives attachment throughout nearly the whole
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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The cervical fascia mainly refers to the deep cervical fascia. However, there are other cervical fascia:
  • superficial cervical fascia
  • prevertebral fascia

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In anatomy, a styloid process (from Greek stylos, "pillar"), usually serving as points of attachment for muscles, refers to the slender, pointed process (protrusion) of :
  • temporal bone of the skull - Styloid process (temporal)

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The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull.

The temporal bone supports that part of the face known as the temple.

Parts

Each consists of five parts:
  • Squama temporalis
  • Mastoid portion
  • Petrous portion
  • Tympanic part

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angle of the mandible, which may be either inverted or everted and is marked by rough, oblique ridges on each side, for the attachment of the Masseter laterally, and the Pterygoideus internus medially; the stylomandibular ligament is attached to the angle between these muscles.
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In human anatomy, the masseter is one of the muscles of mastication.

It is particularly powerful in herbivores to assist when they are chewing plants.

Origin and insertion of the two heads


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The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication.

The mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve, innervates the medial pterygoid muscle.
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For the toad wart, see parotoid gland.

The parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and it secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the oral cavity, to facilitate mastication and swallowing.
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The paired submandibular glands (or submaxillary glands) are salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. In humans, they account for 70% of the salivary volume.
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The Styloglossus, the shortest and smallest of the three styloid muscles, arises from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the styloid process, near its apex, and from the stylomandibular ligament.
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Temporomandibular joint is the jaw joint and is frequently referred to as TMJ. There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The name is derived from the two bones which form the joint: the upper temporal bone
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University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. Also known as Washington and locally as The U or UW (usually pronounced "U-Dub"), it is the largest university in the Northwestern United States and the oldest
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Elsevier, the world's largest publisher of medical and scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group. Based in Amsterdam, the company has substantial operations in the UK, USA and elsewhere.
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Public domain comprises the body of knowledge and innovation (especially creative works such as writing, art, music, and inventions) in relation to which no person or other legal entity can establish or maintain proprietary interests within a particular legal jurisdiction.
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Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy as it has commonly been shortened) is an English-language human anatomy textbook widely regarded as a classic work on the subject.
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In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1]
  1. Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. They are sometimes called "articular ligaments"[2], "fibrous ligaments", or "true ligaments".

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Head and neck anatomy focuses on the structures of the head and neck of the human body, including the brain, bones, muscles, blood vessels, nerves, glands, nose, mouth, teeth, tongue, and throat.
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The Atlanto-axial joint (articulation of the atlas with the axis) is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints.

There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the
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The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is a strong membrane, fixed, above, to the lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas; below, to the front of the body of the axis.
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The posterior atlantoaxial ligament is a broad, thin membrane attached, above, to the lower border of the posterior arch of the atlas; below, to the upper edges of the laminæ of the axis.
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The cruciform ligament of atlas (or cruciate ligament) is a ligament of the atlanto-axial joint.

It consists of the transverse ligament of the atlas, along with additional fibers above and below.[1]

References

1.

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The transverse ligament of the atlas is a thick, strong band, which arches across the ring of the atlas, and retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch.
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The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints.

Ligaments

The ligaments connecting the bones are:
  • Two Articular capsules
  • Posterior atlantoöccipital membrane

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The Membrana Tectoria (occipitoaxial ligaments) is situated within the vertebral canal.

It is a broad, strong band which covers the odontoid process and its ligaments, and appears to be a prolongation upward of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral
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The alar ligaments connect the sides of the dens (on the axis, or the second cervical vertebra) to tubercles on the medial side of the occipital condyle.

They are short, tough, fibrous cords that attach the skull to C1 vertebra and function to check side-to-side movements
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In the triangular interval between the alar ligaments is another fibrous cord, the ligament of apex dentis (or apical odontoid ligament), which extends from the tip of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, being intimately blended with the deep
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