voiced glottal fricative

Information about voiced glottal fricative

IPA – number	147
IPA – text	ɦ
IPA – image
Entity	ɦ
X-SAMPA	`h\`
Kirshenbaum	`h<?>`
Sound sample (helpinfo)

The breathy-voiced glottal transition, commonly called a voiced glottal fricative, is a type of sound used in some spoken languages which often behaves like a consonant, but sometimes behaves more like a vowel, or is indeterminate in its behavior. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɦ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is h\.

Features

Features of the "voiced glottal fricative":

Its phonation type is breathy voiced, or murmured, which means the vocal cords are loosely vibrating, with more air escaping than in a modally voiced sound.
It is a transitional state of the glottis. It has no manner of articulation other than its phonation type. Because there is no other constriction to produce friction in the vocal tract, most phoneticians no longer consider ɦ to be a fricative. True fricatives may have a murmured phonation in addition to producing friction elsewhere. However, the term "fricative" is generally retained for the historical reasons.
It has no place of articulation. The term glottal means it is articulated by the vocal folds, but this is the nature of its phonation rather than a separate articulation. All consonants except for the glottals, and all vowels, have an individual place of articulation in addition to the state of the glottis.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
Because it is pronounced in the throat, without a component in the mouth, the central/lateral dichotomy does not apply.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Belarusian		гара	[ɦaˈra]	'mountain'
Czech		hora	[ˈɦora]	'mountain'	See Czech phonology
Dutch		haat	[ɦaːt]	'hate'	See Dutch phonology
English		behind	[bɪˈɦaɪnd]	'behind'	Some speakers. See English phonology
Finnish		raha	[rɑɦɑ]	'money'	See Finnish phonology
Slovak		hora	[ˈɦɔra]	'mountain'
Ukrainian		гора	[ɦɔˈra]	'mountain'	See Ukrainian phonology
Wu	Shanghainese	鞋	[ɦa]	'shoes'
Zulu		ihhashi	[iːˈɦaːʃi]	'horse'

In Sanskrit, this sound is written "ह" in Devanāgarī and transcribed as "h" and "H" in IAST.

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
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Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english.
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus.
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Breathy voice or murmured voice is a phonation in which the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal (modal) voicing, but are held further apart, so that a larger volume of air escapes between them. This produces an audible noise.
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of [f]
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place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of
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Glottal consonants are consonants articulated with the glottis. Many phoneticians consider them, or at least the so-called fricatives, to be transitional states of the glottis without a point of articulation as other consonants have; in fact, some do not consider them to be
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The vocal folds, also known popularly as vocal cords, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during phonation.
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An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway.
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A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.

Examples of central consonants are the voiceless velar plosive (the "k" in the English word "skin"), the voiced alveolar fricative (the
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Laterals are "L"-like consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue, while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both sides of the tongue.
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.^[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.

Function

As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
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The Belarusian or Belorussian language (беларуская мова, BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: bjelaruskaja mova) is the language of the Belarusian people and is spoken in Belarus
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Belarusian alphabet

Sister systems Belarusian Latin
Belarusian Arabic
Russian
Ukrainian
Unicode range subset of Cyrillic (U+0400...U+04F0)
ISO 15924 Cyrl, 220

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
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Czech}}}
Official status
Official language of: Czech Republic
European Union
Regulated by: Czech Language Institute
Language codes
ISO 639-1: cs
ISO 639-2: cze (B) ces (T)
ISO 639-3: ces
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Czech orthography is a system of rules for correct writing (orthography) in the Czech language.

The Czech orthographic system is diacritic. The caron is added to standard Latin letters for expressing sounds which are strange to the Latin language (but some digraphs have been
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Czech phonology describes functions and pronunciation of individual phonemes used in the Czech language.

Vowels

There are 10 vowel phonemes in Czech. 5 of them are short and 5 are long.
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Dutch}}}
Writing system: Latin alphabet (Dutch variant)
Official status
Official language of: Aruba
Belgium
European Union
European Union
Netherlands Antilles
Suriname
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