voiceless bilabial fricative

Information about voiceless bilabial fricative

IPA – number	126
IPA – text	ɸ
IPA – image
Entity	ɸ
X-SAMPA	`p\`
Kirshenbaum	`P`
Sound sample (helpinfo)

The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɸ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is p\.

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:

Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips.
Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

With the voiceless labiodental fricative

Very few languages make a distinction between the voiceless bilabial fricative and the voiceless labiodental fricative. The Ewe language is one that does. For example, e fa contrasts with é ƒá.

In English

This consonant does not exist in English, and English speakers will often pronounce a voiceless labiodental fricative when speaking a language that has it, while speakers of a language that has it may use it in place of English /f/. English speakers, however, may consider this consonant similar to a simple blow, but with a much narrower opening between the lips.

In other languages

Ainu: フチ [ɸu̜tʃi], "grandmother"
Angor: fi [ɸi], "body"
Ewe: é ƒá [é ɸá], "he polished"
Itelmen: чуфчуф [tʃuɸtʃuɸ], "rain"
Japanese: 腐敗 (fuhai) [ɸɯhai], "decay"
Kaingang: fy [ɸɨ], "seed"
Santiam Kalapuya: [ˈdaɸu], "six"
Kwama: [kòːɸɛ́], "basket"
Mao: [ʔɑ̄ˈɸɑ́ŋ], "empty"
Māori: whakapapa [ɸakapapa], "genealogy"
Odoodee: pagai [ɸɑgɑi], "coconut"
Honduran Spanish: fajo [ˈɸaho], "bundle"
Turkmen: fabrik [ɸabrik], "factory"
Vedic Sanskrit: देवः पिबति [daiʋaɸ pibati], "The god drinks."

The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
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Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english.
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.

A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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Fricatives (or spirants) are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. These are the lower lip against the upper teeth in the case of [f]
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turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic, stochastic property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time.
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place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of
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In phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a consonant articulated with both lips. The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) are:

IPA Description Example
Language Orthography IPA Meaning
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Lips are a visible organ at the mouth of humans and many animals. Both lips are soft, protruding, movable, and serve primarily for food intake, as a tactile sensory organ, and in articulation of speech.
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In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus.
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An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway.
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A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.

Examples of central consonants are the voiceless velar plosive (the "k" in the English word "skin"), the voiced alveolar fricative (the
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.^[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.

Function

As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
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The voiceless labiodental fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is f, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is
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Ewe (native name: Eʋegbe) is a Kwa language spoken in Ghana and Togo by approximately three million people. Ewe is part of a cluster of related languages commonly called Gbe, stretching from eastern Ghana to western Nigeria.
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English}}}
Writing system: Latin (English variant)
Official status
Official language of: 53 countries
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: en
ISO 639-2: eng
ISO 639-3: eng
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Ainu language (Ainu: アイヌイタク , aynu itak; Japanese: アイヌ語 ainu-go
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The Senagi languages are a small independent family of Papuan languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross, that had been part of Stephen Würm's Trans-New Guinea proposal.
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