voiceless dental plosive

Information about voiceless dental plosive

IPA – number103 + 408
IPA – textt̪
IPA – image
Entityt̪
X-SAMPAt_d
Kirshenbaumt[
Sound sample (helpinfo)
The voiceless dental plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is t̪, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is t_d. This is the symbol for the voiceless alveolar plosive with the "bridge below" diacritic meaning dental.

Features

Features of the voiceless dental plosive:
  • Its manner of articulation is plosive or stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
  • Its place of articulation is dental which means it is articulated with the tongue on either the lower or the upper teeth, or both.
  • Its phonation type is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the center of the tongue, rather than the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Varieties of the voiceless dental plosive

IPA Description
t̪plain t̪
t̪ʰaspirated t̪
t̪ʲpalatalized t̪
t̪ʷlabialized t̪
t̪̚unreleased t̪
t̪ʼejective t̪

Occurrence

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True dental consonants are relatively uncommon. In the Romance languages, /t/ is often called dental. However, the rearmost contact (which is what gives a consonant its distinctive sound) is actually alveolar, or perhaps denti-alveolar; the fact that the front of the tongue touches the teeth may be more visible, but is unimportant acoustically. The difference between the /t/ sounds of the Romance languages and English is not so much where the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth as which part of the tongue makes the contact. In English, it is the tip of the tongue (such sounds are termed apical), whereas in the Romance languages, it is the flat of the tongue just above the tip (such sounds are called laminal).

However, there are languages with true apical (or less commonly laminal) dental t. Many Indian languages, such as Hindi, have a two-way contrast between aspirated and plain [t̪]. In Finnish, the dental plosive /t/ contrasts with the alveolar plosive /d/, although the latter is typically voiced or tapped as a secondary cue; moreover, in native words, the alveolar plosive appears only as a lenition of the dental plosive. Pazeh contrasts a voiced alveolar plosive with a voiceless interdental one.[1]Many Australian Aboriginal languages contrast alveolar and dental varieties of /t/.

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Arabic[2]?[kɛ̈ˈt̪ɛ̈b]'he wrote'See Arabic phonology
Dinkamεth[mɛ̀t]'child'
EnglishIndianthin[t̪ʰɪn]'thin'Some dialects. See English phonology
southern Irish[3]
Finnishtutti[t̪ut̪ːi]'pacifier'See Finnish phonology
GreekΜατθαίος[mat̪.ˈθe̞.o̞s̠]'Matthew'See Modern Greek phonology
Hindiतीन[t̪in]'three'
Irishdorcha[ˈd̪ˠɔɾˠəxə]'dark'See Irish phonology
Italiantempo[ˈt̪ɛmpo]'here'See Italian phonology
Pazeh[4][mu.ta.pɛ.taˈpɛh]'keep clapping'
Polishgęsty[ˈɡɛ̃st̪ɨ]'thick'See Polish phonology
Portuguesemontanha[mõˈt̪ɐɲɐ]'mountain'See Portuguese phonology
Russian[5]толстый[ˈt̪olstɨj]'fat'See Russian phonology
Spanishtener[t̪̪e̞ˈne̞ɾ]'to have'See Spanish phonology
Turkishat[ät̪]'horse'See Turkish phonology

See also

References

1. ^ Blust (1999:324)
2. ^ Watson (2002:324)
3. ^ Roca & Wyn (1999:14)
4. ^ Blust (1999:24)
5. ^ Jones & Ward (1969:330)

Bibliography

  • Blust, Robert (1999), "Notes on Pazeh Phonology and Morphology", Oceanic Linguistics 38(2): 321-365
  • Jones, Daniel & Ward Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press
  • Roca, Iggy & Wyn Johnson (1999), A Course in Phonology, Blackwell Publishing
  • Watson, Janet (2002), The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic, Oxford University Press
  Consonants (List, table)See also: IPA, Vowels  
PulmonicsBilabialLab'den.DentalAlveolarPostalv.RetroflexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn.EpiglottalGlottalNon-pulmonics and other symbols
Nasalsmɱn̪nɳɲŋɴClicks ʘǀǃǂǁ
Plosivespbp̪b̪t̪d̪tdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔImplo­sives ɓɗʄɠʛ
Fricatives ɸβfvθszʃʒʂʐʝxɣχʁħʕʜʢhɦEjec­tives pʼtʼkʼqʼsʼ
Approximants β̞ʋ̞ɹɻjɰOther laterals ɺɫ
Trillsʙr•ʀ•Co-articulated approximantsʍwɥ
Flaps & Taps•ѵɾɽ•Co-articulated fricativesɕʑɧ
Lat. Fricativesɬɮ•••Affricates ʦʣʧʤ
Lat. Appr'mantslɭʎʟCo-articulated stops k͡pɡ͡bŋ͡m
This page contains phonetic information in IPA, which may not display correctly in some browsers. [Help]
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged impossible.
International Phonetic Alphabet

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The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
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In the markup languages SGML, HTML, XHTML and XML, a character entity reference is a reference to a particular kind of named entity that has been predefined or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD).
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The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
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Kirshenbaum, sometimes called ASCII-IPA or erkIPA, is a system used to represent the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) in ASCII. It was developed for Usenet, notably the newsgroups sci.lang and alt.usage.english.
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consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant
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Speech communication refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of sounds used in spoken language. A number of academic disciplines study speech and speech sounds, including acoustics, psychology, speech pathology, linguistics, and computer science.
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See Language (journal) for the linguistics journal.


A language is a system of symbols and the rules used to manipulate them. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon.
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International Phonetic Alphabet

Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.

The International
Phonetic Alphabet
History
Nonstandard symbols
Extended IPA
Naming conventions
IPA for English The
..... Click the link for more information.
The Extended SAM Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in
..... Click the link for more information.
The voiceless alveolar plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar plosives is t
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In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as /t/, /d/
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manner of articulation describes how the tongue, lips, and other speech organs are involved in making a sound make contact. Often the concept is only used for the production of consonants.
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stop, plosive, or occlusive is a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract. The terms plosive and stop are usually used interchangeably, but they are not perfect synonyms.
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place of articulation (also point of articulation) of a consonant is the point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of
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In linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as /t/, /d/
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Teeth (singular, tooth) are structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, and chew food. Some animals, particularly carnivores, also use teeth for hunting or defense. The roots of teeth are covered by gums.
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In phonetics, phonation is the "use of the laryngeal system to generate an audible source of acoustic energy, i.e., sound, which can then be modified by the articulatory actions of the rest of the vocal apparatus.
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An oral consonant is a consonant sound in speech that is made by allowing air to escape from the mouth. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway.
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A central or medial consonant is a consonant sound that is produced when air flows across the center of the mouth over the tongue.

Examples of central consonants are the voiceless velar plosive (the "k" in the English word "skin"), the voiced alveolar fricative (the
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In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract. Along with articulation, it is one of the two mandatory aspects of sound production: without initiation, there is no sound.
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In human speech, pulmonic egressive sounds are those in which the air stream is created by the lungs (pulmonic) exhaling and pushing air out (egressive) through the mouth or nose. The majority of sounds in most languages are both pulmonic and egressive.
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lungs flank the heart and great vessels in the chest cavity.[1]]]

The lung is the essential respiration organ in air-breathing vertebrates, the most primitive being the lungfish.
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The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis.

Function

As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
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In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of his or
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Palatalization or palatalisation (IPA: /ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən/) generally refers to two phenomena:
  • As a process or the result of a process

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Labialisation is a secondary articulatory feature of sounds in some languages. Labialized sounds involve the lips while the remainder of the oral cavity produces another sound. The term is normally used to refer to consonants.
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An unreleased stop or plosive is a plosive consonant without an audible release burst. That is, the oral tract is blocked to pronounce the consonant, and there is no audible indication of when that occlusion ends.
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The dental ejective is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is t̪ʼ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is
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Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family that comprisies all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire.
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An apical consonant is a phone (speech sound) produced by obstructing the air passage with the apex of the tongue (i.e. the tip of the tongue). This contrasts with laminal consonants, which are produced by creating an obstruction with the blade of the tongue (which is just behind
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